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Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Social Structural Theories Of Crime - 1540 Words

Social structural theories of crime can help determine why some neighborhoods are either more prone to violence and crime and why some neighborhoods are not. There are multiple types of theories that have their merits, but when analyzing my own neighborhood, the collective efficacy and social disorganization theories can be best applied in understanding why the neighborhood is not prone to violence and crime. Collective efficacy is the idea that communities have to be organized towards achieving a specific purpose or goal; (Cronin, Week4). Social disorganization is identified by how disorganized structural variables lead to disorganized communities (Cronin, Week 4). The theories will help to explain the general goal of the neighborhood and what structural variables are active to keep the community from becoming disorganized. The neighborhood I will be analyzing is Southwood; the neighborhood that I have lived in for 23 years. The neighborhood is off of State Road 15 and is located 2 miles outside of city limits, 4 miles from downtown Warsaw. The neighborhood is located across the highway from an affluent neighborhood and is mainly surrounded by fields. Southwood is strictly residential with a mixture of traditional, modular, and manufacture homes. The socio-economic demographics are mainly Caucasian, middle class, and a mixture of young families and retirees. However, ethnic heterogeneity has never seemed to be an issue concerning non-Caucasian families in the neighborhoodShow MoreRelatedA Report On The Crime On Children1291 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesThe crime on which the paper will focus involved a couple that was arrested for causing injury to their child aged thirteen. Christi Howell and Casey Shackleford were both accused of tying their sonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s genitals with a rope and waterboarding the boy (Boroff , 2016). According to the case, the couple was charged with injury to a child. Shackleford had additional charges for violating parole regulations that required him not to harm a family member or engage in violence (Boroff, 2016). The boy said thatRead MoreRobert Merton Stain Theory1204 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesRobert MertonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Anomie/Strain Theory James King Jr. Savannah State University Theories of Criminal Behavior Prof. W. Brooks March 4, 2012 Since the beginning of mankind criminality has been a major problem and the most debated topic of interest by theorist on the grounds of why crime is committed, who is more prone to commit crime, and what prevents people from committing delinquent acts. The formulation of the Stain theory and Anomie Theory by Robert Merton give insight on the many questionRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime Causation1076 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pages This paper will examine the three main theories of crime causation which comprise the Criminological Theory as well as provide some examples of each. The three main theories of crime causation are biological, sociological and psychological. Each of the three theories have come a long way since their inception and continue to be updated due to new findings through technological and medical advances. It also must be noted that these are theories and due to various factors and drawbacks to eachRead MoreTheories on Crime1253 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesTheories on Crime: The field of criminology is basically described as the study of crime through which the causes, prevention, and correction of offenses are examined. While this process can be extremely difficult, especially for students, the analysis of the causes of crime is significant to sociology and criminology. The difficulties associated with the study of crime originate from the numerous challenges in developing theories that explain human behavior. In relation to crime, human behaviorRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime And Criminal Behavior Essay1624 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagesour minds. These questions then encourage us, naturally, to search for the answers. This is true in the area of crime and criminal behavior as well. Criminological theory attempts to describe why and how crime transpires by studying the countless social factors that influence someone to commit crimes. These theories are then supposed to explain both the understandings and roots of crime. Abstract outlooks offer an image of what s omething is and the best way of addressing that particular subject. InRead MoreSocial Learning Theory 1741 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagesthat social learning theory is an expanded theory of differential association processes and improves it with differential reinforcement and other principles of the behavior theory. They added classical conditioning (the sharpening of involuntary reflex behavior); discriminative stimuli (internal stimuli that lead to signals for behavior); schedules of reinforcement (rewards and punishment ratio following behavioral feedback); and other theories of behavior (Akers Sellers, 2013). AkersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ social learningRead MoreHotel Rwanda vs. Erin Brockovich1660 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pageslook at separate deviant acts but still present similar dangerous social problems. The conflicts that are portrayed are different in the means of operation but both share a similar end with the endangerment of thousands of people. We will examine how these deviant decisions affect both their societies and the reasons behind these atrocious acts. Hotel Rwanda is a very graphic film filled with a tremendous amount of deviance and social problems. The Hutu tribe feels that the Tutsi should not be inRead MoreGeneral Strain Theory And Its Effect On Human Behavior990 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pageswith the former being the focus of his theory. Noxious events avoidance impacts the ability to maintain or come up with relationships, resulting in alternative reactions. An adverse environment perception will result in emotions that are strongly negative that motivate a person to engage in crime. Being involved in crime is sporadic according to Agnew, and the criminals would desist were it not for the persistent negative effect and events. General strain theory is mainly concerned with the strainRead MoreDeviance Theory Analysis Essay1564 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesDeviance Theory Analysis - Identify Deviance for situations and explain Within any given society, individuals are expected to behave and or conduct themselves in a given acceptable manner. However, there are instances when particular individuals act contrary to the set standards and violate the cultural norms. Such acts may include acts of crime, theft, defiance, breaking of rules, and truancy just to mention a few. Deviance could thus be viewed as the intentional or accidental violation of theRead MoreConflict Theory1217 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesAccording to Conflict Theory, society is: Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ A struggle for dominance among competing social groups (classes, genders, races, religions, etc.). When conflict theorists look at society, they see the social domination of subordinate groups through the power, authority, and coercion of dominant groups. In the conflict view, the most powerful members of dominant groups create the rules for success and opportunity in society, often denying subordinate groups such success and opportunities; this

Social Structural Theories Of Crime - 1540 Words

Monday, December 16, 2019

The Dos and Donts of Essay Samples with an Interview in It

The Do's and Don'ts of Essay Samples with an Interview in It What Essay Samples with an Interview in It Is - and What it Is Not The ideal way to be informed about something is by making the proper preparations. With respect to location, the interview happens in a secluded room away from any sort of distraction and noise. It is possible to write the paper from many of distinct angles, but so long as readers get to understand the individual and understand the dominant impression, you've accomplished your target. There are two methods to compose your paper. Whether you must compose an interview paper to become admitted to the university you want to visit or to apply for your dream job, this is an important step! Which will be part of my next review for a different show. Men and women want to visit interviews open minded and expect to react to different questions regarding their life and career. The Downside Risk of Essay Samples with an Interview in It Next, it's essential to incorporate the vital tips that you have acquired from your interview. As you read the job of different writers, you are going to be in a position to recognize even smaller details that would have eluded you. There are particular things you'll want to do in order to prepare for a great interview. There were lots and a lot of papers. The Good, the Bad and Essay Samples with an Interview in It Prepare yourself to face considerable challenges in the event the topic of your paper is a famous or busy small business person. Sure, you're writing the paper as it's an assignment, and you should write it as a way to pass your class. Based on the freedom you've been given you can select a subject that you're comfortable writing about. The subject is at the crux of your essay the one that you pick will establish the results of the readers' experience. In a case of a profile essay you are able to sum up a paragraph by giving the effect of the details explained. The ideal way to make an intriguing paper is to locate a thriving small business person like Steve Jobs and ask several amazing questions. In reality, you've quite a huge number of strategies to complete your interview paper. Since writing a profile essay can seem to be a tedious activity to some, ensuring that you've got the most suitable info, subject and knowing the right means to write will provide you with a much easier experience. The War Against Essay Samples with an Interview in It Your opening may be suggested by a number of the comments from your interviews or you may want to describe a situation which causes your question. Conclusions An important analysis of the full interview procedure reveals a thriving interview process that went well because of the communication skills of the interviewer and respondent. Since the main purpose of a an interview is the selection of information by usage of question as well as the analysis of non-verbal way of communication, it therefore suggests that the type of question asked will ultimately determine the results of the interview. The following advice will function as a guide for you. The Principles of Essay Samples with an Interview in It You Can Benefit From Starting Right Away Interview essays are written dependent on an interview, performed by the author. You need to understand how to compose an essay and the way to conduct an interview. An interview essay should have a backbone so that it'll be well written and the thoughts which are included within the writing organized. Now you understand how to compose an interview essay of many types. In case you were writing about a personal profile essay example about a celebrity, you ought to make the reader feel pleased with the info you've provided. The body will learn if the reader proceeds to engage in your essay. If you want more help with profile essays, get in contact with us, and we are going to assign a writer that will help you out. The secret to writing an excellent profile essay is to pick a personal profile essay example of an entertaining subject. To get the idea of writing a profile essay, you will have to read the works of individuals who have written successful essays. In an instance of personality profile essay, you may use a brief story or a conversation. Starting with a conversation Is a very good approach to earn your essay captivating. There are lots of drugs in the world these days and having the best knowledge will enable you to recognize how different drugs affect people. Most individuals take drugs voluntarily without a concept of what it is that they do to your brain and total physical wellness. First of all, there's an acute shortage of competent nurses in the medical care market. Specifically, problems like drug shortages like anesthetics can easily be covered by administering different procedures of pain relief and birth induction process in the event of a very distressed mother.

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Marketing Communications

Question: 1. Where Information of Marketing Communication can be found?. 2. How marketing communications operates within organizations and agencies? 3.How target markets and audiences are recognized/established? 4.The role and responsibilities of the marketing communications employee 5.How marketing communications impacts on the wider community and society? 6.Industry changes within marketing communications, trends and technologies. 7.Why it is necessary to continually learn and seek knowledge on the marketing communications industry and apply this in your workplace? 8.The current issues of concern in the industry. Answer: 1. In simple words, marketing communications refers to the ways by which various brands and organizations engage customers and inform, remind them about their new products or their brands. There are many sources both online as well offline that can provide tremendous information about the customer preferences and thus can be instrumental in formulating corporate strategy around market communication. Earlier, organizations delivered different messages to customers on different channels. However, now with integrated marketing communications, organizations tends to focus on the delivery of same message to customer no matter what the distribution channel is so as to offer seamless experience to customers (Hollensen, 2015). 2. Marketing communication mix refers to the set of tools that are used in different degrees and combinations to recognize the target audience. Some of the common tools are Sales promotion, direct marketing, advertising, public relations and social media (huang, Sarigollu, 2014). 3. Once the segmentation is done the next thing is to establish the target market. The marketers must know the targeted customer. In other words, the marketer must know the people who would buy the product or service. Once the organizations and marketers are aware of the demographics of consumers, they must know the issue that they are trying to address. The next step for marketers would be to analyze the methods of information search used by the customers. It is also important that the organizations and marketers must know the benefits or values that they are delivering to customers. 4. One of the most important responsibilities of the marketing communications employees is to manage the perceptions of their brands and products among consumers in a positive manner by employing appropriate marketing communication mix. People managing marketing communications must ensure that there should be uniform message communicated to customers across different channels and the message should be crisp and clear so that they can identify themselves with the brand. As they manage the reputation of the brand, it is very important that they should always be updated with the latest industry trends. They should also ensure that marketing message that organization is intended to communicate is aligned with the corporate strategy and also if there is any noise or unwanted image or negative perception of the brand in the marker, they should strive to convert it into positive image by establishing credibility of the brand or by reclaiming it. 5. Marketing communications are very powerful and can have a huge impact on the society. Not only they can influence the buying behavior of the wider community, they can also impact the actions of society. For instance, if very powerful brand endorses about the importance of saving the water, not to use paper, people will be encouraged to do the same. For instance, Powerful brands like Nestle, Unilever, Disney spreads messages about environment, ecosystem, and protection of wild life as part of their corporate social responsibility and it had deep impact on people and at the same time, it helps organizations to improve their image and build credibility (Batra, Keller, 2016). 6. Some of the latest trends in marketing communications are heavy use of analytics to understand customers demand patterns and to ensure that the right audience should be targeted and the probability of converting leads into sales are high. Also, there is more stress on listening to the customers and thus making marketing communication more effective and interactive. Organizations have their Facebook page, twitter page and other software to track reviewers, influencers who are vocal about their brands. All this helps organizations to understand the customer expectations so as to meet them in a more effective way. Listening to customers also helps organizations to get key insights and suggestions, which encourage new product development for their future products (Kalajdzic, Zabkar, 2015). Apart from this, there is also trend of emotional marketing so that the customers can identify themselves with the brand. 7. Also, it is very important for the organizations to constantly revise their marketing communications strategy by making use of latest trends, knowledge and learnings gained by the experience. Also, the customers have high bargaining power these days and it is indispensable for the organizations to ignore the voice of the customers in these tough times. And competitors are also constantly coming up with latest technologies and new strategies to improve their communication strategy. As a result, it becomes impossible for the organizations to survive if they do not constantly improve their marketing communication strategy. 8. Some of the growing concerns of marketing communication is its ability to reach to the right audience. This is evident from the fact that usage of Ad blocking software is increasing because the users feel that ads are not relevant to them (Streitz, Tynan, 2016). Other concerns are related to ethical and moral issues. Sometimes, organizations uses puffery and deception strategy to increase their sales without understand that it is can simply destroy the brand if it is caught. Some organizations also hide label information or list of ingredients or mask them with their chemical names making it impossible to decipher them for the customers. References Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, M., Zabkar, V. (2015). The external effect of marketing accountability in business relationships: Exploring the role of customer perceived value.Industrial Marketing Management,46, 83-97. Batra, R., Keller, K. L. (2016). Integrating Marketing Communications: New Findings, New Lessons and New Ideas.Journal of Marketing. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Streitz, M., Tynan, R. (2016). Are ad-blockers killing the media? Speigel Onlines Matthias Streitz in a head-to-head debate with Privacy Internationals Richard Tynan.Index on Censorship,45(2), 78-80.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Traditions and Encounters free essay sample

The Evolution of Homo sapiens Paleolithic Society The Neolithic Era and the Transition to Agriculture The Hominids Australopithecus: Developed in Africa 4 million to 1 million years ago Bipedal, able to plan Journeys (about 10 miles long), brain size 500 cc Part of brain used for speech underdeveloped Homo erectus: Lived 2 million to 200,000 years ago (after Australopithecus) Brain size 1000 cc, wielded fire Communicated with sounds (no language yet), Journeyed outside east and south Africa Homo sapiens More developed in frontal lobe, found ways to use Earths resources Found ways to se vocal cords to communicate 1 50,000 years ago, let them report more complex messages With languages, they were able to establish stationary homes around the world, moved across temperate zones Human population started to grow exponentially about 60,000 to 50,000 years ago Homo sapiens (continued) Crossed land bridges into Australia 60,000 years ago, crossed form Siberia into Alaska 25,000 years ago Mig rated with animals Used tools to control surroundings, wore animal skin and used fire to keep warm Brought pressure on some animals and even drove others into extinction Archaeologists study hunting and gathering societies today to gain insight on Paleolithic people Couldnt collect wealth, followed migration of animals, lived equal Men hunted and women gathered, had 30 to 50 members (if too big, wouldnt be able to provide for everyone) Understood environment, made weapons to hunt big animals, a group of men attacked the animal at the same time Paleolithic Culture Neandertal people not Just focused on survival, reflective thought was shown through burial Traded and lived in close proximity with Homo sapiens, little interbreeding Homo sapiens more creative than Neandertals, information was passed down (there was no need for trial and error) Were able to acquire more information 200,000 years ago stone blades 140,000 years ago learned to sustain themselves on shellfish 110,000 years ago learned how to catch fish in deep waters 50,000 years ago made beads and paintings 10,000 years ago made bow and arrow Economy and Society of Hunting and Gathering Peoples (continued) When food was abundant, established permanent settlements Most dominant: Jomon in in Japan Chinook in NW North America Paleolithic Culture (continued) Made Venus fgurines, small sculptures of women Exaggerated sexual features, shows interest in fertility Also made cave paintings, date from 34,000 to 12,000 years ago, most in southern France and Northern Spain Either to make cave prettier or capture the spirit of the animlas they hunted Showed higher order of thinking The Origins of Agriculture Tool production and agriculture distinguished Neolithic from Paleolithic After the ice ages, agriculture possible Women cultivated plants and men herded animals 9000 B. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditions and Encounters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page C. E. SW Asia planted wheat and barley, 9000 B. C. E. Africans in Sahara yams and okra, 6500 B. C. E. east Asia grew rice and soybeans, 4000 B. C. E. Mesoamerica grew corn, 3000 B. C. E. Peru cultivated potatoes Used slash-and-burn agriculture, spread around Eastern and Western Hemisphere Travelers spread seeds around world, labor intensive (most likely spent 4 hours a day doing agricultural activities) Early Agricultural Society More food meant more people, had to make villages Specialization of labor emerged (making pots, beads, leather, and baskets), improved ools Three types of crafts : Pottery needed to store food in pots, by 7000 B. C. E. fgured out how to make clay, drew designs on the pot and then painted them with glaze Metalworking Made jewelry and simple tools, by 5000 B. C. E. earned how to raise the temperatures of their furnaces, with smelting and casting able to make weapons Textile Production used selective breeding of plants to make long fibers, women spun and weaved them while watching children Able to accumulate wealth, formed social classes Neolithic Culture Farmers noted natural world (like seasons), surviv al depended on predicting weather and seasons Associated positions of sun, moon, and stars with the seasons, first steps toward calender Neolithic gods represent birth, life, and death Economy and Society of Hunting and Gathering Peoples The Origins of Urban Life Lived in dense populated areas, farming done outside town Cities differed from villages in two ways: Larger population, professional crafters and cultural specialists Influenced large regions, marketplaces, traded over long distances, and claimed land in hinterlands

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Daniel McDonnell The Crucible Act Three Essays

Daniel McDonnell The Crucible Act Three Essays Daniel McDonnell The Crucible Act Three Paper Daniel McDonnell The Crucible Act Three Paper I believe that the main incentive for Dan forth to prevent proctor from making public his allegations about Abigail Williams is the fact that Abigails testimony would be questioned because in the time that the story is set, adultery is one of the most judgemental sins. The community was focused greatly around trust and respect, and john proctor was highly thought of in the village and Dan forth believed that this would throw the town into even more turmoil than it was already in. and the very basis of the community would be questioned , because if one of the most respected and trusted man in the town could commit such a sin, and the daughter of the reverend could do this also, what could other people be capable of. Another point is that Dan forth has a reputation to uphold and if Abigails testimony is discarded Dan forth will have sentenced many innocent people to death on the basis that Abigail Williams is telling the complete truth. He would be criticised for not finding out that Abigail is giving false testimony as he is such an influential member of the court. In various parts in act three Parris attempts to keep proctor in a bad light, for example on page 75 the comment made by parris their good opinion is orchestrated to dismiss the evidence that john is submitting as inadequate. On a separate occasion, on page 78 proctor states he has the story in confidence sir which Parris replies with the devil lies in such confidences! ( to Dan forth) without confidences there would be no conspiracy, your honour this comment I believe is designed to discount the reason given by proctor and at the same time implying that the kind of stories that john has given have something to do with the conspiracy starting in the first place. In act three Dan forth uses the terms child and children these titles are aimed at the group of girls that are condemning all the defendants in the court to death. In my opinion, these terms are ironic because in one instance the word child is used, in a condescending manor to belittle the girls and make them feel intimidated and of lower importance than the judges, yet without these girls the trial would never have come to light and the innocent people who died would not have done so. Also, the use of the word child is ironic because, in general its usage is related to innocence and peace, yet these children are condemning many to death through false accusations, therefore the complete opposite of the association of the word child. Giles Corey and Francis nurse regret coming to the court with petitions, they have, in turn implicated the people signed and themselves in the sweeping accusations that seem to be landing on any one they may including the most respected woman, and Francis nurses wife, Rebecca nurse. They meant were thinking to clear the names of there wifes by bringing these petitions to the court, but instead they have altered none of the allegations but added them to many more innocent people.

Friday, November 22, 2019

How Systematic Random Sampling Work

How Systematic Random Sampling Work Systematic sampling is a technique for creating a random probability sample in which each piece of data is chosen at a fixed interval for inclusion in the sample. For example, if a researcher wanted to create a systematic sample of 1,000 students at a university with an enrolled population of 10,000, he or she would choose every tenth person from a list of all students. How to Create a Systematic Sample Creating a systematic sample is rather easy. The researcher must first decide how many people out of the total population to include in the sample, keeping in mind that the larger the sample size, the more accurate, valid, and applicable the results will be. Then, the researcher will decide what the interval for sampling is, which will be the standard distance between each sampled element. This should be decided by dividing the total population by the desired sample size. In the example given above, the sampling interval is 10 because it is the result of dividing 10,000 (the total population) by 1,000 (the desired sample size). Finally, the researcher chooses an element from the list that falls below the interval, which in this case would be one of the first 10 elements within the sample, and then proceeds to select every tenth element. Advantages of Systematic Sampling Researchers like systematic sampling because it is a simple and easy technique that produces a random sample that is free from bias. It can happen that, with simple random sampling, the sample population may have clusters of elements that create bias. Systematic sampling eliminates this possibility because it ensures that each sampled element is a fixed distance apart from those that surround it. Disadvantages of Systematic Sampling When creating a systematic sample, the researcher must take care to ensure that the interval of selection does not create bias by selecting elements that share a trait. For example, it could be possible that every tenth person in a racially diverse population could be Hispanic. In such a case, the systematic sample would be biased because it would be composed of mostly (or all) Hispanic people, rather than reflecting the racial diversity of the total population. Applying Systematic Sampling Say you want to create a systematic random sample of 1,000 people from a population of 10,000. Using a list of the total population, number each person from 1 to 10,000. Then, randomly choose a number, like 4, as the number to start with. This means that the person numbered 4 would be your first selection, and then every tenth person from then on would be included in your sample. Your sample, then, would be composed of persons numbered 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, and so on down the line until you reach the person numbered 9,994. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Public health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Public health - Assignment Example In both developed and developing countries, non-governmental organizations and local health systems have done their best in playing an essential role of preventing diseases infecting individuals. In developing countries, there is a low level of preventing diseases and medical care since there is no adequate and effective training of health workers. There are also no enough and appropriate resources which can help in providing quality health services. This is because there extremely high poverty levels hence no good health services provision (Hall, 1998). Therefore, this has led to many deaths in many developing countries due to inappropriate health measures. In dealing with residential age care, many developing countries in relation to health matters, have not taken into consideration and effectively act upon that issue. In most continents, especially in developed countries, different theoretical approaches have been developed to effectively deal with the issue of health policy agenda setting. For example, two models namely politics and social have been developed in tackling the issue of health oppression. In many countries in different continents, governments use their agencies in tackling the issue of public health. They normally use ministries of health in drawing effective strategies in dealing with health problems among individuals in their respective countries. In dealing with global health issue, a universal international agency has been established in order to deal with health issues. The World Health Organization coordinates and acts upon health issues internationally. This agency has largely helped many countries, especially t he developing ones, in encountering and dealing with health issues in their countries. In public policy agenda setting, an effective field of inquiry has been well-developed and established. A little organized and systematic

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Business to Business Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business to Business Marketing - Term Paper Example Marketing is a broad spectrum of activities that define the function of a market Ã¢â‚¬â€œ technically, markets provide grounds for the exchange of value. In past days, it was goods vs. goods i.e. the barter system while in present days, its goods vs. monetary terms Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the money value. In simpler terms, the seller puts a price tag on the products and services, buyers reach, negotiate, and purchase Ã¢â‚¬â€œ this is a simple market cycle/activity. Marketing includes all these activities and beyond as well Ã¢â‚¬â€œ activities that start from attracting the customer to the point of sales, completion of transaction, and relationships beyond to ensure repeat purchases. Prior to pouring deep into the project and research of the said paper, it is important to understand the forms of markets that exist. The fundamental form of division of markets based on the customer type is the area of interest for this research paper. In accordance with Hooley (2007), there are mainly two types of mar kets that exist across the broader scale in marketing terms; Consumer Markets & Industrial Markets Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the latter is also known as Business Markets. The further description and analytics of the two are discussed in the forthcoming sections. Industrial Markets According to Doyle (2006), Industrial Markets, also known as B2B (i.e. Business to Business) Markets involve the sales of goods and services between businesses Ã¢â‚¬â€œ not aimed directly at the customers. These may include examples such as: Selling raw material from one organization to another e.g. wood seller to furniture maker like IKEA Selling final products from one organization to another e.g. a firm purchasing Blackberry handsets from RIM (Research In Motion) Corporate Wing Corporate Sales of Services Outsourcing deals such as call centres Manufacturer to Whole-seller, Whole-seller to Retailers i.e. the intermediary set up Thus, if in a transaction, the buyer and seller both are businesses, then the arrangement is k nown as a B2B market/structure/arrangement. According to Aaker (2007) B2B markets have a small number of buyers, with larger requirements; for example, Wal-Mart may purchase a number of laptops from IBM or Dell, but an individual consumer may purchase just one Ã¢â‚¬â€œ so fewer transactions but individually, the worth of a single transaction is on the higher side as more units are involved (Menon, 2005). B2B purchases are generally a lengthy, systematic, and structured process that involves at least one department and a number of individuals from either side. Other than routine purchases that involve regular order placing, the process starts by raising an RFQ (Request for Quotation), to which firms respond with an EOI (Expression of Interest); generally, the supply chain or procurement department analyzes the quotations with a variety of processes, and then gradually the purchase is made (Wardell, Wynter, and Helander, 2008). The different processes include searching, shortlisting, discussions, negotiations, sampling, contracts, order placement, order delivering, replenishment, etc. With long term commitments, strategic alliances are formed between the businesses. Payment terms are also negotiated Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the transactions generally do not have a quick outflow of cash but credit terms. For each product being sold, there are a number of suppliers and manufacturers involved behind the productÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s formation.Ã‚

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Herodotus Thucydides Essay Example for Free

Herodotus Thucydides Essay The accounts of what happened in the past are known as history. People who recorded history in any way are called historian. As early as 5th millennium B. C, ancient Sumerians already recorded their history, making them the earliest historians. Many great historians were produced as history was being made. But simply writing history will not produce good historians. Good historians are not only producing written accounts of what they believed happened just for the sake of recording something, but can also provide genuine material or testimonial evidences of what they claimed happened which can be inspected, tested, reviewed, or retraced by others , can accurately record the facts without incorporating their own ideas or beliefs, can effectively transmit their recorded works through succeeding generations, and can bring their reader back to the past when the event actually happened (Simkin 1). The two most common ancient historians whom works are always being compared are Herodotus of Halicarnassus and Thucydides of Athens. Herodotus of Halicarnassus was known from his work entitled Ã¢â‚¬Å"The HistoriesÃ¢â‚¬ which was divided into nine volumes and was given the name of a muse- Greek mythology Goddess- for each. In his books, Herodotus recorded mainly the events happened during the Persian and Greek wars and the accounts of his journey throughout the Mediterranean and Black sea including the place he reached, describing the geography, faunas, and floras, and the people he met, taking into accounts of the stories, claims, ideas and beliefs of each individual (Zarit 1). With his early written descriptions of history, Herodotus has been known as the Ã¢â‚¬Å"Father of HistoryÃ¢â‚¬ (Ã¢â‚¬Å"Herodotus Compared with ThucydidesÃ¢â‚¬ 1). On the other hand, Thucydides of Athens was an Athenian military general known from his work entitled Ã¢â‚¬Å"History of the Peloponnesian WarÃ¢â‚¬ which describes the battle between the Peloponnesian Alliance- led by the Spartans- and Delian Alliance- led by the Athenians (Maxwell 1). Thucydides escaped death caused by the plague that spread in Athens. This plague killed many famous philosophers and scholars, including the elite and common Athenians. Thucydides obtained fame and respect from his fellow Athenians with less effort since he came from an aristocrat Athenian family. He served in the military and later became a general which gave him easy access to account accurate information (Zarit 3). Thucydides has been known as the Ã¢â‚¬Å"Father of Scientific HistoryÃ¢â‚¬ due to the historical accounting method he used, and has been called the Ã¢â‚¬Å"Father of the School of Political RealismÃ¢â‚¬ due to his unbiased account of different political views in his book (Maxwell 1). Herodotus and Thucydides were both Greek historians but both wrote history on different historical perspective, analysis, and purpose as seen in the contents of their works. Herodotus wrote his book mainly for his fellow Greeks. He intended not only to inform but also to entertain them by infusing his literary writing capabilities. If some information he gathered was not too appealing and would cause disinterest to his audience, Herodotus would sometimes exaggerate or use some Ã¢â‚¬Å"artisticÃ¢â‚¬ words to his work to attract the attention of the audience (Ã¢â‚¬Å"Herodotus Compared with ThucydidesÃ¢â‚¬ 1). Since Greeks considered their selves direct descendant of Gods and Goddesses, they accepted Greek God mythology as fact, believing the will of their Gods and Goddesses as valid and true. Furthermore, the Greek oracles was considered the link between them and their immortal Gods, therefore anything that the oracle said was also considered an absolute truth (Maxwell 1).. Herodotus included the prophecies and advises made by the Greek oracles in his work. He explained things or events, relying to Greek God mythology as his reasons. He usually used the prophecies and advises of the oracle to predict the outcome and to explain the consequence of a historical event. The influence of his religion and his artistry to his works could be seen when he named his book after the nine Greek God deities (Zarit 2). Herodotus took into account all information, data, and facts available to him whether these said information, data, and facts was directly connected to his subject being discussed in his book or unnecessary information. He recorded detailed account on his subject matter, sometimes too detailed descriptions that create several degrees of sub-subjects which may lead to confusion or comprehension difficulties for some readers. Furthermore, if the first hand information is not available for his access, Herodotus used second hand information. Even if the source of the second hand information was not certain with the details, Herodotus was obliging the source to pick the closest information he could remember. In some instances, Herodotus let his reader choose the most likely conclusion of an event if unexpected outcome or opposing result can occur (Ã¢â‚¬Å"Herodotus Compared with ThucydidesÃ¢â‚¬ 1). The focus of Herodotus in writing his work was to find the cause that led to the Greek-Persian war. He tried to include all possible reasons including but not limited to religions, topography, culture, animals and beliefs of different places involved (Zarit 2). HerodotusÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ Ã¢â‚¬Å"The HistoriesÃ¢â‚¬ can be summarize as a history book written in a literary way. Despite of biased and inaccurate accounts, readers still prefer to read HerodotusÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ work than ThucydidesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ because it was presented in an amusing way. Thucydides wrote his book mainly for the purpose of educating future generations. Unlike Herodotus, Thucydides accounted history using inductive approach. He deduced the outcome of a phenomenon based on what the accessible evidences were dictating. He was unbiased when recording information, keeping out his personal ideas and beliefs to influence his work. Despite of being a military general of Athens, he still presented his works fairly, without being impartial to Athenians or Spartans point of view (Ã¢â‚¬Å"Herodotus Compared with ThucydidesÃ¢â‚¬ 1). Although Thucydides was raised as Greek, nurturing strong Greek ideas, beliefs, and norms, he did not let this influence him. He tried to explain phenomenon and conclude the outcome of events using logic as reason not divine intervention which was contradictory on what Herodotus did. ThucydidesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ written accounts were concise and direct. His descriptions on his subject were detailed and straightforward which were usually supported by several evidences he gathered including his own observations. He did not include information or description without supporting evidences to back them up. He made sure that the proof he used can be tested, viewed or examined again by others (Maxwell 1). If proofs were not available, he preferred not to record the event. This approach of ThucydidesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ explanation was similar to the method used now in scientific inquiries and investigations- the scientific method-, hence giving Thucydides the title Ã¢â‚¬Å"Father of Scientific HistoryÃ¢â‚¬ . ThucydidesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ perspective to history is mainly about politics as seen in his work the Ã¢â‚¬Å"History of the Peloponnesian WarÃ¢â‚¬ . In his work, Thucydides clearly and accurately recorded facts. Thucydides described the sites where the war had taken place. He introduced the people involved in the war, their roles and goals. He accounted the outcome of several military campaigns. But most importantly, he discussed the political aspects, morals, and decisions behind each event and their corresponding consequences that led to the outcome (Zarit 3). He used these facts to synthesize theories why men go to war. He tried to explain the cause of war in the context of human reasons. Furthermore, he concluded that if man would prefer reasons to settle conflicts, war could be prevented. ThucydidesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ conclusions, political perspective and analysis to history are still widely used today (Maxwell 1). Today, the validity of his ideas is still applicable and is still being taught. With this perspective and analysis to history, Thucydides was named Ã¢â‚¬Å"Father of the School of Political RealismÃ¢â‚¬ (Zarit 3). HerodotusÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ and ThucydidesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ approach in writing history were very different. Regardless of whom the audience is and what the purpose is in writing history, the historical contents should be valid, accurate, precise and true. This could be supported by evidences such as written documents, geographical validity or verbal accounts. Furthermore, the continuing relay and availability of historical facts through succeeding generations is equally important as its truthfulness, since history is written to be read by others. Since both works of Herodotus and Thucydides satisfied the successful transmission through generations, only its truthfulness could be questioned. Many evidences proved the validity of Thucydides claims. On the other hand, some claims of Herodotus were also proven valid. But in this race of who is better historian between the two, Thucydides of Athens gave more valid and accurate claims in his account, therefore making him the better historian. References: Ã¢â‚¬Å"Herodotus Compared with Thucydides. Ã¢â‚¬ Free Essays. 21 November 2001. 23 August 2008 http://essays.org. uk/classical-studies/herodotus-thucydides/2paper/. Maxwell, Michael. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Herodotus Thucydides. Ã¢â‚¬ StudentsFriends. 2001. 23 August 2008 http://www. studentsfriend. com/historians. html. Simkin, John. Ã¢â‚¬Å"What makes a good historian? Ã¢â‚¬ The Education Forum. 1 January 2005. 23 August 2008 http://educationforum. ipbhost. com/index. php? showtopic=2777. Zarit, Ben. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Herodotus and Thucydides Through the Lens of Aristotle. Ã¢â‚¬ The Perseus Project. 9 May 1995. 23 August 2008 http://www. perseus. tufts. edu/GreekScience/Students/Ben/aristotle. html.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Contrast In Language :: essays research papers

Contrast Between Language of Love in the Balcony Scene and the Language of Death in the Final Scene of Romeo and JulietIn William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare introduces many themes that he continues throughout all of his tragedies, including the language of love vs. the language of death. The balcony scene is the most valuable scene illustrating the language of love, whereas in the final scene of the play the language of death is used to set the stage for their suicides, pulling together the tragic ending of the play.Throughout the second scene of Act II, Romeo uses beautiful metaphors and similes to express his affection for Juliet:O, speak again bright angel, for thou artAs glorious to this night, being o'er my headAs is a winged messenger of heaven.(Rom. II. II, 28-30.)This passage is used to compare Juliet to an angel, somethign that is universally held as sacred and lovely. Elsewhere in the scene there are lines that describe their love for one another, and add to the romantic theme of the scene:And but thou love me, let them find me here.My life better ended by their hateThe death prorogued, wantingof thy love.(Rom. II. II, 76-78.)In the final scene of the play, there is much talk of death by Romeo, Friar Laurence, and Juliet. Romeo announces his own demise in his soliloquy:Depart again. Here, here I will remainWith worms and chambermaids. O, hereWill I set my everlasting restAnd shake the yoke of inauspicious starsFrom this world-weariedflesh. Eyes, look your last!Arms, take your last embrace! And, lips,O youThe doors of breath to engrossing death!(Rom. V. III, 108-114.)The Friar's Frantic wrods and actions in conflict to his previous calm stature illustrate the grim mood of the scene: Stay not to question, for the watch is coming.Come, go good Juliet.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Preserves Expertise with Better Knowledge Management

Case 2: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Preserves Expertise with Better Knowledge Management 1. What are the business goals of SFPUC? How is knowledge management related to those goals? SFPUC is a department of the city and county of San Francisco that provides water, wastewater, and municipal power services to the city.SFPUCÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Power division provides electricity to the city and county of San Francisco, including power used to operate electric streetcars and buses; the Regional and Local Water departments supply some of the purest drinking water in the world to San Francisco and neighboring Santa Clara and San Mateo counties; and the Wastewater division handles flushed and drained water to significantly reduce pollution in the San Francisco Bay and Pacific Ocean.The mission of this organization is to provide San Francisco and its Bay Area customers with reliable, high-quality, affordable water and wastewater treatment while efficiently and responsibly managing human, physical, and natural resources. SFPUC met these challenges by implementing a business process management (BPM) and workflow solution from Interfacing Technologies Corporation to drive change efforts across the organization. The system, called Enterprise Process Center, or EPC, manages knowledge retention and establishes new ways of collaborating, sharing information, and defining roles and responsibilities.EPC solved that problem by creating work order flows for all tasks performed within the organization, defining the employee roles and responsibilities for each. They will not search for files everywhere, just type it in the search box and one can view it. It makes employees working easier. 2. What were some of the challenges faced by SFPUC? What management, organization, and technology factors were responsible for those challenges?The two major challenges SFPUC faced were successfully capturing, managing, and transferring this knowledge, and maintaining reliability and accountab ility despite a large influx of new workers. SFPUC expected that a significant portion of its employeesÃ¢â‚¬â€about 20 percentÃ¢â‚¬â€would retire in 2009. To make matters worse, the majority of these positions were technical, which meant that the training of new employees would be more complicated, and maintaining knowledge of the retiring workers would be critical to all areas of SFPUCÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s business processes. . Describe how implementing EPC improved knowledge management and operational effectiveness at SFPUC. With EPC, SFPUC would be able to maintain continuity from older to newer employees more easily. SFPUC was impressed that the system would span all four of its major divisions, helping to standardize common processes across multiple departments, and that it would be easy to use and train employees. 4. How effective was EPC as a solution for SFPUC?SFPUC management had anticipated that eliminating outdated tasks would have the added effect of keeping employees happy, which would help SFPUCÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s performance by delaying retirement of older employees and increasing the likelihood that newer hires stayed at the company. EPC allowed employees to provide feedback on various tasks, helping to identify tasks that were most widely disliked. EPC helped SFPUC take its baby boomersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ individual data and knowledge and turn them into usable and actionable information that was easily shared throughout the firm. SFPUC stayed much further under budget than other comparable governmental organizations.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Hunting Snake and Cockroach Essay

The poems Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hunting SnakeÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"The CockroachÃ¢â‚¬ are very different but also vastly similar poems. The predominant language feature that is common in both poems is an extended metaphor Ã¢â‚¬â€œ this is used in Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hunting SnakeÃ¢â‚¬ to represent the colonisation of the Aborigines in Ancient Australia, and in Ã¢â‚¬Å"The CockroachÃ¢â‚¬ to represent human nature, values and the way we live our lives. The poem Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hunting SnakeÃ¢â‚¬ is obviously a poem about a group of people coming across a snake, staring in awe at its beauty and dissimilarity and then moving on. Wright uses a lot of sibilance in this poem, perhaps to emphasise the snake. However if we explore deeper we notice that the poem is not about this at all Ã¢â‚¬â€œ in fact it has an exceptionally different meaning. The entire poem is an extended metaphor for the colonisation of the Aborigines in Australia Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the snake represents the Aborigines and the persona represents the colonisers. Although the colonisers saw the incredibly beautiful and unique Aborigines, they simply looked at each other and walked on Ã¢â‚¬â€œ this is exactly what happens during every colonisation. The colonisers do not think about anyone elseÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s feelings, just their own personal or monetary gain. Hunting Snake is a poem about ancient beliefs and values, and the way that humans acted many years ago. In comparison, the poem Ã¢â‚¬Å"The CockroachÃ¢â‚¬ is also one that addresses the issue of human nature and values. Kevin Halligan uses a cockroach to portray a Ã¢â‚¬ËœdisgustingÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ creature, one that many people are eager to kill and get rid of. Cockroaches also have a very nomadic lifestyle Ã¢â‚¬â€œ they scurry about from place to place, never settling down and are always Ã¢â‚¬Å"on the goÃ¢â‚¬ . Halligan wishes for us to compare the cockroachesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ lifestyle with our own Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the scampering motion of the bug is a reflection of his (and all humansÃ¢â‚¬â„¢) nomadic lifestyle. By describing these frantic movements he is saying something about how most of us live our lives and our incapability to settle down Ã¢â‚¬â€œ we are all in a hurry to move on to the next chapter in our lives, the next milestone, the next day, month, or year. This poem is set in modern day, it is written as if the cockroach is inside a house or a building, not outside like Hunting Snake. This technique helps to give us a better understanding of the poem Ã¢â‚¬â€œ we can more easily relate it to human nature and our own lifestyles.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Coal in the Industrial Revolution

Coal in the Industrial Revolution Before the eighteenth century, Britain - and the rest of Europe - had produced coal, but only in a limited quantity. Coal pits were small, and half were opencast mines (just big holes in the surface). Their market was just the local area, and their businesses were localized, usually just the sideline of a larger estate. Drowning and suffocation were also very real problems.Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ During the period of the industrial revolution, as demand for coal soared thanks to iron and steam, as the technology to produce coal improved and the ability to move it increased, coal experienced a massive escalation. From 1700 to 1750 production increased by 50% and nearly another 100% by 1800. During the later years of the first revolution, as steam power really took a firm grip, this rate of increase soared to 500% by 1850. The Demand for Coal The rising demand for coal came from many sources. As the population increased, so did the domestic market, and people in town needed coal because they werenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t near to forests for wood or charcoal. More and more industries used coal as it became cheaper and thus more cost-effective than other fuels, from iron production to simply bakeries. Shortly after 1800 towns began to be lit by coal powered gas lamps, and fifty-two towns had networks of these by 1823. During the period wood became more expensive and less practical than coal, leading to a switch. In addition, in the second half of the eighteenth-century, canals, and after this railways, made it cheaper to move greater amounts of coal, opening up wider markets. In addition, the railways were a source of major demand. Of course, coal had to be in a position to supply this demand, and historians trace several deep connections to other industries, discussed below. Coal and Steam Steam had an obvious impact on the coal industry in generating vast demand: steam engines needed coal. But there were direct effects on production, as Newcomen and Savery pioneered the use of steam engines in coal mines to pump water, lift produce and provide other support. Coal mining was able to use steam to go deeper than ever before, getting more coal out of its mines and increasing production. One key factor to these engines was they could be powered by poor quality coal, so mines could use their waste in it and sell their prime material. The two industries - Ã‚ coal and steam - Ã‚ were both vital for each other and grew symbiotically. Coal and Iron Darby was the first person to use coke Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a form of processed coal Ã¢â‚¬â€œ to smelt iron in 1709. This advance spread slowly, largely due to the cost of coal. Other developments in iron followed, and these also used coal. As the prices of this material fell, so iron became the major coal user, increasing demand for the substance vastly, and the two industries mutually stimulated each other. Coalbrookdale pioneered iron tramways, which enabled coal to be moved more easily, whether in mines or on route to buyers. Iron was also needed for coal using and facilitating steam engines.Ã‚ Coal and Transport There are also close links between coal and transport, as the former needs a strong transport network able to move bulky goods. The roads in Britain before 1750 were very poor, and it was hard to move large, heavy goods. Ships were able to take coal from port to port, but this was still a limiting factor, and rivers were often of little use due to their natural flows. However, once transport improved during the industrial revolution, coal could reach greater markets and expand, and this came first in the form of canals, which could be purpose-built and move large quantities of heavy material. Canals halved the transport costs of coal compared to the packhorse. In 1761 the Duke of Bridgewater opened a canal built from Worsley to Manchester for the express purpose of carrying coal. This was a major piece of engineering including a ground-breaking viaduct. The Duke earned wealth and fame from this initiative, and the Duke was able to expand production because of the demand for his cheaper coal. Other canals soon followed, many built by coal mine owners. There were problems, as canals were slow, and iron trackways still had to be used in places. Richard Trevithick built the first moving steam engine in 1801, and one of his partners was John Blenkinsop, a coal mine owner searching for cheaper and faster transport. Not only did this invention pull large quantities of coal quickly, but it also used it for fuel, for iron rails, and for building. As railways spread, so the coal industry was stimulated with railway coal use rising. Coal and the Economy Once coal prices fell it was used in a huge number of industries, both new and traditional, and was vital for iron and steel. It was a very vital industry for the industrial revolution, stimulating industry and transport. By 1900 coal was producing six percent of the national income despite having a small workforce with only limited benefits from technology.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Philosophical Quotes on Food

Philosophical Quotes on Food Philosophy of food is an emerging branch in philosophy. Here is a list of quotes that are pertinent to it; if you happen to have additional suggestions, please do send them along! Quotes on Food Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin: Tell me what you eat, and I shall tell you what you are.Ludwig Feuerbach: Man is what he eats.Immanuel Kant: As regards the agreeable, every one concedes that his judgment, which he bases on a private feeling, and in which he declares that an object pleases him, is restricted merely to himself personally. Thus he does not take it amiss if, when he says that Canary-wine is agreeable, another corrects the expression and reminds him that he ought to say: Ã¢â‚¬ËœIt is agreeable to meÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ [ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ] With the agreeable, therefore, the axiom holds true: Everyone has his own taste (that of sense). The beautiful stands on a quite different footing.Plato: Socrates: Do you think that the philosopher ought to care about the pleasures Ã¢â‚¬â€œ if they are to be called pleasures Ã¢â‚¬â€œ of eating and drinking? Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Certainly not, answered Simmias. Ã¢â‚¬â€œ And what do you say of the pleasures of love Ã¢â‚¬â€œ should he care about them? Ã¢â‚¬â€œ By no means. Ã¢â‚¬â€œ And will he think much of the other ways of indulging the body Ã¢â‚¬â€œ for example, the acquisition of costly raiment, or sandals, or other adornments of the body? [Ã¢â‚¬ ¦] What do you say? Ã¢â‚¬â€œ I should say the true philosopher would despise them. Ludwig Feuerbach: This work, though it deals only with eating and drinking, which are regarded in the eyes of our supernaturalistic mock-culture as the lowest acts, is of the greatest philosophic significance and importanceÃ¢â‚¬ ¦ How former philosophers have broken their heads over the question of the bond between body and soul! Now we know, on scientific grounds, what the masses know from long experience, that eating and drinking hold together body and soul, that the searched-for bond is nutrition.Emmanuel Levinas: Of course we do not live in order to eat, but it is not really true to say that we eat in order to live; we eat because we are hungry. Desire has no further intentions behind itÃ¢â‚¬ ¦ it is a good will.Hegel: Consequently, the sensuous aspect of art is related only to the two theoretical senses of sight and hearing, while smell, taste, and touch remain excluded.Virginia Woolf: One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well.Mahatma Gandhi: There are people in the world so hungry, that God cannot appear to them except in the form of bread. George Bernard Shaw: There is no love sincerer than the love of food.Wendell Berry: Eating with the fullest pleasure Ã¢â‚¬â€œ pleasure, that is, that does not depend on ignorance Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is perhaps the profoundest enactment of our connection with the world. In this pleasure we experience our dependence and our gratitude, for we are living in a mystery, from creatures we did not make and powers we cannot comprehend.Alain de Botton: Forcing people to eat together is an effective way to promote tolerance. Further Online Sources The Philosophy of Food Project website, collecting a list of useful online sources on the topic.The entry on Philosophy of Art at the Britannica Online Encyclopedia.The entry on the definition of art at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.The American Society for Aesthetics website, containing news and information on the topic.The British Society of Aesthetics website, which aims to promote study, research and discussion of the fine arts and related types of experience from a philosophical, psychological, sociological, historical, critical and educational standpoint.The British Journal of Aesthetics, one of the leading journals in the field.The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, one of the leading journals in the field.A collection of philosophersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ perspectives on the philosophy of art.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

British and French Colonies. Claire Denis Chocolat (1988) Essay

British and French Colonies. Claire Denis Chocolat (1988) - Essay Example One of her best memories was about their familyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s house help whose name was Protee. He possessed a number of desirable traits which included being noble, handsome and extremely intelligent. This movie has a rich history about the colonial empires and it offers a lot of information about the French racial tensions and conflicts and that is the key focus of the following essay. This form of manipulation was portrayed in form of actions occurring in the fields rather than verbally. The French colonists practiced racism both publicly and privately. This was as a result of different people living in different areas and under different circumstances. The movie portrays a very serene environment where France and her family under the care of their father who was a captain in the French army (Beugnet, 2004). Their servants faced racial discrimination both in the house and in the fields. This was clearly manifested by the way the servants, who were all black Africans, were being treated . For example, the servants were forced to do everything in the public, which included taking a shower and eating among others. This was very immoral and unjust according to the societal norms. On the other hand, the whites did everything in private, including sleeping in their bedrooms, bathing in the bathrooms and eating in the dining rooms among others. The French colonial empire also caused unnecessary sexual attraction between members of the opposite sex. This was clearly manifested by Protee, the young boy servant and Aimee. The two were noted to like each other as a result of Aimee always seeing Protee taking a bath in the open field in front of the house. This sexual desire was as a result of the immoral actions brought about by colonialism. This state had both positive and negative effects on the subjects, for the poor little servant, it was a form of humiliation having to be seen naked all the time he decided to take a bath. On the flip side, it also had some positive effe cts, as from it, Aimee developed feelings towards him. The idea of having the power to rule over others led to a lot of conflicts and tensions both within and outside the house. For example, in the kitchen, the black African cook and Aimee had issues due to language barrier and power prevelance. Shatranj Ke Khilari (The Chess Players) The film is focused on various aspects that are characterized by social, political and economic elements in India in the beginning of the 19th century. The events that are focused on the movie are mainly drawn from the eve of the rebellion of India against the British powers in the year 1857 (Dube, 2005). These events included appropriation of the kingdom of Awadh by the British powers, politics that surrounded the development of the East India Company which was owned by the British colony and also the inevitable splitting up of the Indian royals. The film is composed of two stories that run concurrently. One is the story of the invasion of the Indian kingdoms by the British colonial powers and the second one is the reaction of two inseparable friends who are deep lovers of Chess. The two friends are so much into the game of chess to a point that they neglect their vital responsibilities including their families. The two go into exile to a village that is untroubled by the rising events caused by the invasion of the British colony so that they can play Chess in peace. The movie brings out various perceptions about the British colonial powers which include their superiority, friendliness and wealthy. The

Thursday, October 31, 2019

1. St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus, encouraged Essay

1. St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus, encouraged his followers to live their lives in the service of others. How do you plan to serve others in your future endeavors - Essay Example Being a servant leader, I try and clean up my ethical or moral issues that would prevent me from leading and eventually serving others. To serve others, I plan to willingly do humble tasks such as creating time to take care of the sick, visit orphaned children, support the elderly when they need it and engage in clean up activities voluntarily. I will always try to be open to listen since people are more willing to share their struggles and experiences to persons who are free to others and hence I will be able to support them in any way that I can. When I choose to be honest and make impartial judgments that administer justice effectively, people will have more trust in me since they appreciate someone who is fair. Lastly by assisting others to nurture personal or professional values I will enable them to have a strong belief in themselves. In the long run, I acknowledge that by serving others, my rewards will be so much greater than if I were to serve with self-serving motives since I will be serving others and adding value to their

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Marketing concepts And Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing concepts And Strategies - Essay Example The best way of advertising is through print and broadcast media. 2. In a passage of time we have become the conspirators of reproduction generation by generation. The consumers were attracted by the item and bonded with memories of commercial culture. At present, the marketing strategy for selling product is to lure them for branded products; play in branded spaces and exposing them to TV channel. The marketers and advertising agencies work and trade on psychology of consumers for marketing their product. As the VP of a large retailer of men's suits I would introduce branded products so that all classes of people can visit and shop. 3. Marketers spend and invest lots of money in developing strategies of different methods to attract consumers towards their product and capitalize the opportunities to make or amass money. The marketers conduct research to defend, develop counter measures to meet the market competition. The ability of the youth to remove and neutralize the technique of advertising is snubbed by the other agency so as to increase the sale of their product. In the market, the Internets are counteracted by the appearance of e-commerce web sites. In the present marketing world aggressive marketing is the new mantra. Due to the changing trends and tastes of customers the best possible strategies are to explore new ways of marketing. Advertising, considerably slashing the prices of the commodities, increasing the discount rates, aggressive marketing, etc., are the methods that should be used by Apple to stay in the extremely competitive market. 4. Childhood is a creative, innovative and generative. In the society the child consumers are more than adult consumers. The marketing strategy is to attract children by making publicity of the gaming product through media. The producers and marketers display the products in supermarkets and departmental stores for sale. The best strategy is to have a good impression on parents because they are the persons who decide what to purchase for their children. Business to Consumer (B2C): In B2C e-commerce, business uses the Net for offering their products or services to consumers 24 hours a day from any part of the world. B2C portals are the most visible face of e-commerce. 5. Efficiency of management: The purpose of financial statement analysis is to know that the financial policies adopted by the management are efficient or not. Analysis also helps the management in preparing annuity products. It also helps the management to find out the shortcomings so that remedial measures can be taken to remove these shortcomings. Analysis also helps in taking decisions: a) Whether funds required for the retirement services are provided from internal resources of the business or not. b) How much funds have been raised from external sources. Reference Louis E. Boone & David L. Kurtz. Contemporary Marketing. New York: South-WesternCollege Pub. 2004.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang

Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang Pulau Pinang or Penang is one of the unique and attractive places in Malaysia with its many cultures which make Penang one of tourists favorite places and tourists attractions. Basically, Penang is famous for their food, religions, cultures and tourism site. According to the UNESCO Worlds Heritage Site of Georgetown says that there are many religions, cultures and foods in Penang, therefore they can blend it well together to make Penang one of the well known states in Malaysia [1]. There is press statement by YB Danny Law Heng Kiang the Penang State Exco for Tourism Development and Culture said that Penang is ranked in the third place under Kuala Lumpur, and Genting Highland (Pahang) for their tourism destination in Malaysia [1]. At first, Malacca is on top of Penang as tourism destination because they receive approximately 8.9 million tourist arrival in the year 2009. Unfortunately, that statement by Datuk Seri Dr. Ng Yen Yen may be a mistake because as we can see from the table 2, Penang has more tourists arrival compare to Malacca [1]. According Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, Penang is an island with an area of 108 sq mi/280 sq km and it is known as one of the busiest ports in the past and it is located in the straits of Malacca, on the North-West Coast of Malaysia. Penang is very famous for their beautiful beaches and islands, foods, cultural, religions and many more [2]. During 16th century, Portuguese merchants Penang was travel from Goa (India) to Far East search for spices, fresh water so they stopped in Penang. In 1786, Penang was very popular among the pirates because they steal ships that cross along Straits of Malacca. At one point, Penang became popular in 18th century and at the same time, Captain Francis Light enter to Penang and start to have good relationship with the locals and also the Sultan of Kedah in 1771. Unfortunately, at that moment itself Sultan of Kedah handed Penang to Captain Francis Light in order to get protection against the threats of Burmese and Siamese. After that, they called Penang as Prince of Wales Island and after the settlement; Sultan Abdullah found out that he is being cheated by the British by not willing to offer protection thus he gathered his army to retake Penang. Lastly, after extensive years of struggling between the locals and the British, Malaysia achieves independence in 31st August 1957 and Penang is one of the 13 states. Penang now is known as Pulau Pinang [3]. What is the Culture in Penang? The cultures in Penang are very unique and most of the tourists interested to know more about Penangs culture. In 2008, the population is Penang approximately 2 million on the island and 1 million is in Seberai Prai which consists of 42% Chinese, 41% Malay, 10% for Indian and also 5% for the Peranakan or Baba Nyonya. Baba Nyonyas culture in Penang is different from Malacca. Baba Nyonyas in Malacca can speak fluent Malay whereby in Penang, the Baba Nyonyas speaks mixture of Hokkien, Malay and English and most of the Baba Nyonyas in Penang still practice their Chinese religion and ancestral worshipping [4]. Basically, language that being spoken in Penang is Malay language whereby English and the Chinese (Hokkien) also being spoken widely in Penang. And lastly the Tamil language is being spoken by the tamils among their community. Next is the religion in Penang which most of the people believes such as Buddhist, Islam, Hindu, Christian, and many more. Basically, Buddhism is one of the main religions in Penang whereby Islam still the official religion of the state. As you can see that Penangs culture is a mixture of Malay, Chinese Indian and it is very interesting for tourists attractions [4]. Furthermore, Penang is famous for their food and this is one of the Penangs cultures. The food in Penang can easily get almost everywhere and anytime in Penang. According the time magazine in 2004, Penang has been the best street food in Asia. Penang is the only place to find such a wonderful, tasty and nice food and also it is so cheap compared to Kuala Lumpur and sometimes people called Penang is the food heaven to eat. The food in Penang is an assortment of Chinese, Nyonya, Malay, India, Thai cuisine. There in Penang also famous for the hawkers food which they sell and served by the road side [4]. Besides that, one of the reason why Penang famous is because they have various of events and festivals that they celebrates such as Penang International Dragon Boat Festival, Chin-gay, Pesta Pulau Pinang, Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Thaipusam, Chinese New Year, Hungry Ghost Festival and many more. These festivals would attract many tourists from all over the world to come and experience throughout the festivals. Moreover, it would be nice if tourists from Malaysia or outside Malaysia to give support and celebrates together in these interesting events. The international dragon boat festival usually held around June and July during the school holidays. Chingay is one of the famous cultural events in penang because it is being celebrated because of the birthday of Kuan Yin or the Goodness of Mercy. Normally, this event is being celebrated every year and attracts tourists as far from United States, Japan, South Africa and also Netherlands. Chingay festival is a parade which teams of people wil l show their skills at balancing 40 foot bamboo flagpoles on their body such as heads, shoulder, hands, and knees. And lastly, Pesta Pulau Pinang is one of the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. Pesta Pulau Pinang is a carnival that being celebrated in December and it always be lively, happening and colorful carnival every year. There would have a lots of activity includes open air concerts, variety shows, food bazaars, fun fairs, pet shows, exhibitions, games and many more [5]. What is an event? Basically events is about to have a particular function or to inform our guest that when some exciting things is going to happen and going to celebrate. For example, book launches weddings, concerts, carnivals and many more. It is more like a preparations for that particular functions to make it runs smoothly and beautifully. It starts from the PA systems, music, VIP rooms, foods, red carpet, guests and many more [6]. Cultural events that being celebrated by in Penang Penang is famous for their cultures, ethnicities, foods and festivals. Penangs has so many events and festivals that being celebrated throughout the year. Hence, the entire tourist from every parts of the world celebrates together with colorful happenings events in Penang. There are few festivals that being celebrated by all races in Penang such As Chinese New Year, International Dragon Boat Festival, Penang Beach Carnival, Penang Cultural Festival, Malaysia Festival and Pesta Pulau Festivals. The purpose all these festivals are held because is to gather everyone and celebrates the harmonious and unique multi culture in Penang. Many activities are held on the festivals example fashion parades, inter-hotel competition, performance, sell handicrafts, and many more [7]. 1.2 The Problem Statement The purpose of me choosing this topic is because as we can see Penang is developing to one of the leading tourism states. Cultural and events tourism is a product which is difficult to be tested first before use, so by having the cultural events in Penang can also gives Penang recognition as a world heritage site and will be portraying the cultural diversity of Penang. On top of that, by having cultural events and festivals in Penang can analyze the number of tourists inbounds to Penang. Besides that, tourists can come over and try to experience and spread the news to everyone out there about the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. There are few popular cultural events that being celebrated such as Thaipusam, Chap Goh Meh, St. Annes festival, hungry ghost festival and many more. Basically, Penang is famous for their cultural diversity where they preserve their own traditions and performing arts. On top of that, Penang has own tradition of street culture, cel ebrations, festivals, and ethnic groups and it will be the most unforgettable moments for the tourists who come and experience the festivals. Lastly, the Visit Calendar 2010 has their plans to make Penang as the active tourism sector. Research Objectives/ Aims The objective of this proposal is: To analyze the number of tourists inbounds to Penang during the cultural events celebration. To unite all people together to celebrate cultural events in Penang to support the slogan Satu Malaysia. To investigate the number of tourists that visit Penang according their nationalities. To determine the most favorable cultural events to the least popular and why? To study the revenue or loses generated by tourists as to the cost incurred by the state government to these events. By accumulating these results, we can determine whether to sustain, preserve or to promote cultural events or festivals for the coming years. Research Questions What are the number of tourists inbound to Penang in the 2009? Should Ministry of Tourism Malaysia encourage more cultural events celebrations in order to give Penang recognition as a world heritage site? Should we preserve, promote and sustain our cultural events in Penang in order to pull more tourists from all over the world? What the pull factors are for tourists to visits Penang every year? Hypothesis Statement Hypothesis statement for this topic would be that Penangs culture has a unique attribute that brings people together by having cultural events and festivals throughout the year. To boast those cultural events and festivals requires financial capital, intellectual capital, cultural capital and also social capital to run the events [8]. The existence of cultural events makes people understand other peoples culture better so that they can understand one and another as well as supporting our Malaysias motto which is Satu Malaysia. According to Datuk Lim Guan Eng, the Chief Minister of Penang says that they have to give 100% commitment to protect, preserve, sustain and promote the cultural events in Penang so that it can bring the people together and unite the culture and celebrate it collectively. These would reflect the multiracial people and well preserve culture and heritage which is being listed in UNESCO World Cultural and Heritage Site lately [9]. In the past 6 years, there were twelve countries affected by Tsunami disaster on 26th September 2004 and one of the countries is Malaysia. There were two states in Malaysia was affected by Tsunami which is Penang and Kedah. Both these areas lost everything during the tsunami disasters. At that time, most of the people or tourists are in fear for travelling to other countries. Most of the fishermans village in Kedah is destroyed by the tsunami. On top of that, Penangs tourism slightly decline due to this unwanted disaster. The Government, Corporate, NGOs, and also individuals contribute millions of dollars to help the victims accommodation, medical and many more [9]. Furthermore, there was a change in politics, economy and society due to the tsunami disaster. Penangs economy slightly decline because lacking of tourists from outside and inside the country. Tourists afraid to come and visits Penang thus not much activity or celebrations can we held during that particular period of timer [9]. As we know that the mass media plays important roles in promoting any advertisement doesnt matter in the website or in the daily newspaper. By promoting and advertise something in the website or newspaper, radio, television and so forth may increase the number of tourists who come to Penang. This is one of the strategies to pull tourists to come to Penang after the Tsunamis tragedy. There are some advertisements that may push tourists out of their state or country to come to Penang by having Cheap Air Flight to Penang inclusive Hotel Rooms. For example, in figure 1.0 and figure 1.1 show that Air Asia offer or promotes cheap flight tickets inclusive a room for the tourists as below as Rm1.00 [10]. Tourists can choose to fly either Penang, Kuching, Kuala Lumpur, and Johor Bahru. The travelling period for the tourists is at any time in July 1st 2011 to November 10th 2011. This is because we want more tourists to come to Penang for vacation and also at the same time we can promote differ ent cultural events and festivals that are being celebrating every month [10]. Furthermore, Penang State Tourism is promoting their state as by the campaign goes Visit Penang 2010-1012. So there are many kinds of activities and events is held for example Esplanade in Action- an Evening of Cultural Performance, Penang Sakura Blossom, Chinese New Year cruise-Lili Marleen and many more. Besides that, the food is one of the attractions besides cultural events in Penang for example, Thai Food Fiesta 2010, Penang Durian and Fruits Festivals, Pesta Pulau Pinang and many more. According to Natalie Lee, one of the students from University New South Wales stated that Facebook is one of the top growing social networking in the world nowadays which has more than 140 million users in the whole world. It allows us to find and communicate with our friends and share photos, promoting tourism sites and many more. Penang promotes their tourism sites through Facebook, websites, blogs and many more to pull tourists from every parts of the world. They can share photos, promote hotel rooms, flight tickets to Penang, and update latest events in penang and promote it to all their family members, friends and many more. It is one of the best ways to promote Penang to outsiders [11]. . Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework Theoretical framework As what I have showed the conceptual framework below shows that the research is focus more on the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. It will be scoped into structural support and cultural infrastructure/ spaces for the cultural events. Next under structural support diagram it will be divided into few points such as handling promotions, ticketing, licensing, printing and distribution of flyers. Besides that, for the cultural infrastructure / spaces will be divided into two main points which is cultural hub and also communities. At the top part of the framework shows that some of the events and festivals that is being celebrated by all races in Penang. Cultural festivals that being celebrated in Penang is Pesta Pulau Pinang, Hungry Ghost Festival, Chingay, Bon Odori and many more. The purpose of celebrating these festivals is because to sustain and promote the cultural events in Penang thus promote it to tourists from every parts of the world. For the second phase of the framework, is the cultural infrastructure and spaces which can be divided into two parts which is cultural hub and communities. According to S.B.Tan, Professor School Of Art, University Sains Malaysia says that the cultural hub, is basically where the performances or festivals is going to carried out, for example museums, restaurants, and many more. Whereby, for the communities are basically about where the festivals or events should should be placed in areas where most of the people live,for example city in Georgetown or Balik Pulau. It would be much easier for the people in Penang to travel to those particular places to celebrate the events [12]. Moving on, on the third phase is the structural support for example handling promotion, ticketing, licensing, distribution flyers and printing. Scope and Limitations The scope for this study is mainly based on the Tourism Industry in Penang that is rapidly growing in this 21st century. The importance of this sector to the Malaysias economy is to pull more tourists to come and visits Penang through the 3 years campaign of the state government by promoting their VisitPenang 2010- 2012 [13]. According to hotel statistics, in 2008 [14], Penang received 6.3 million tourist inbounds excluding the excursionist who arrive on cruise or live with their family and friends. The figure is higher than previous year which is 5.1 million. Penang State Governments has a mission to target 10 million tourists in 2014 which is 4 years from now. Penangs most profitable income earner comes from tourism sector after manufacturing. According to Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia, the number of local and international tourists arrivals in Penang in 2005 is 48% international tourists whereby for the locals is 52% which comes up 4, 351,909 tourists overall. Every year, the numb er slightly increased doesnt matter it is international tourists nor local people. Regrettably, in 2009 the number of tourists declined sharply which is from 6,307,468 in 2008 but unfortunately in 2009, the number has dropped to 1,347,356 overall totals. Penang this is because Penang focuses more on developing medical tourism and eco-tourism in this few years [13]. This study will look at the statistics rate or the number of tourists come and visits Penang to celebrates and experience the cultural events and festivals thus food as well. There were limitation sources to find for this topic. To find for data and informations, researcher using Google Scholar with journals, articles, Pdftop.com, Kdu Library and online book. Some of the journals and articles need to be purchased or log in as a member in order to read the articles and journals. 1.8 Significance of the study Significance of studying this topic is to analyze the number of tourists inbounds in Penang during the cultural events celebrations whether it gives impacts towards Penangs economy or local environment. Besides that, it is important for us to know what is Penangs mission and target for the tourism sector. Currently, Penang is being ranked at no.4 in foreign and domestic tourists arrivals in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur, Pahang and Sabah. YB Danny Law Heng Kiang, Chairman for the State Tourism Development Culture, Arts, and Heritage says that he really hopes one day Penang would be No.1 or No.2 in foreign and domestics tourists arrivals in Malaysia. According to statistics, the number of hotel guests is increasing rapidly from 68.8 million in 2008 compared to 61.6 in 2007 especially during the cultural events and festivals that being celebrated every month. It shows that the graph for tourism sector will increase every year [15]. Chapter 2 2.1 Literature Review Definition of cultural events Events are something that happens at a given place. An event is one of the top growing tourism industries and also most thrilling and yet it is connected to leisure. One of the reason why so many countries keeps on promoting their events so that they can pull more tourists from every parts of the world to come and visits their country. Basically, an event is more to persuade tourists to come or participate during their events and also can makes them stay longer in that particular area. According to Getz, events are one of the important roles in tourism industry because it can attract more tourists thus to fill up their free during their visits to that particular country (1991). Most of the tourists expects for festivals, events or attractions in a tourism destination. Events or festivals also can intensify tourists experience and perhaps can make tourists stay longer thus persuade them to extend their holidays in particular tourism destinations (Getz, 1991). Cultural events basically are for religious, public events such as arts, performances, crafts demonstrations, and many more (Richards, 1996).All the small towns are actively has cultural events for profit, or to boost the tourism industry (Goldblatt, 2002). Most of the tourists are attracted to unique cultural events and somehow they will participate when the event is held. Organizers would make the cultural events livelier to ensure that the tourists meet their satisfaction during the festivals thus to make sure that they gets more profit from the tourists. Why is it so because to increase the tourism industry and to promote our country to worldwide. 2.2 Statistics Rate Tourists Come to Penang Statistics plays important role in counting the number of tourists inbounds in Penang 2005 2009. How many tourists have been visiting Penang? To calculate and determine the actual statistics requires big costs of money to collect data, to analyze and to present it to the state government. The number of tourists visiting Penang announced by the Tourism Ministry is based on immigration cards filled with their profiles at the by visitors and have to show it at the port of entry. Tourists are freely to move everywhere within the country unless visitors did bad mistakes. According to Penang State Government, Penang has their own statistics rate number of international and local tourists arrivals in Penang in 2005 to march 2009. Within these 5 years, overall total number of tourists either locals or international is about 21, 881,848 people arrived in Penang .In 2005 the local tourists arrival is about 2,267532 people whereby the international tourists approximately about 2,084,377 people. Furthermore, the overall total number of tourists in 2006 is about 4,688,504 people which are in percentages 54% of local tourists and 46% of international visitors. Moving on, the overall total number of tourists arrivals in Penang in 2007 has increasing compared to year before which is 2006 which is 5,186,611 tourists. Among the 5 years between 2005- 2009, the highest amount of tourists arrival is in 2008 which is 6,307,468 visitors in percentages it would be 55% for the locals and 45% for the international tourists inbounds in Penang. Finally, in 2009 the total n umber of tourists inbounds in Penang was sharply dropped from 6,307,468 tourists in previous year whereby in 2009 the overall total number of tourists is 1,347,356 visitors arrivals in Penang (2010). As stated by the Tourism Minister, Datuk Seri Ng Yen Yen, tourists arrivals in 2009 has dropped from 6,307,468 to 1,347,356 tourists due to the Influenza a (H1N1) scare. On the other hand, international tourists from Europe and United Kingdom remained the same. She stated that the tourists are safe as health authorities helps to prevent the spread of the disease towards the tourists. On top of that, Datuk Ng.Yen Yen had a discussion with the directors of 44 Tourism Malaysia regarding promotional plans to persuade tourists to visits Malaysia because Malaysia is one of the countries safe from Influenza H1N1 (Bernama). As mentioned earlier, Malacca overtakes Penang as tourists destination in 2009. Statistics shows that tourists arrival in Penang dropped from 6.3 million in 2008 to 1.3 million in 2009. Compared Penang to Malacca, Penang has a lot and good accessibility and products for example foods, beaches, cultures, and many more. Datuk Seri Dr. Ng Yen Yen strictly wants the state government to do something in order to increase more tourists in 2010. She suggested that Penang has a potential to become one of the countrys leading tourists destination because Penang has 191 flights from 12 international airlines flying in Penang. Besides that, she recommend that state government should put more initiative in hiring well-trained tourists guides which experts in the field of Penang history and heritage. These tour guides, service counters, and restaurant employees should know very well and are able to share the history and stories behind heritage buildings. In this way, we can give the visitors speci al services and make them satisfy during their visits to Penang (Y.Y.Ng, Nov, 2010). 2.3 The Economic and Social cultural Impacts on Cultural Events in Penang According to Gawler Visitor Information Centre, cultural events is one of the most exciting festival celebrations that can pulls many tourists from every parts of the world to make revenues in the economy of tourism industry . On top of that, behind the significant of cultural events, it has its economic and also socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang. There are few factors will indicate the economic and socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang. Economic impacts on cultural events in Penang As stated above, there are few factors that show the economic impacts on cultural events in Penang and it can be divided into negative and positive. Negative economic impacts on cultural events in Penang are the revenue or loses generated by tourists as to the cost incurred by the state government to these events. According to Priscilla, Penang tourism sector requires approximately RM 50 million for tourism in Penang. Based on 2008 statistics, there were 6.3 million tourists arrivals in Penang and as what the Chief Minister said that RM 500,000 is not enough for the tourism to conduct an activities and events especially which is connected to the infrastructure, promotions, and also improving the facilities (2010). The RM 50 million are required in order to have events, festivals, upgrading the quality of beaches and many more as now Penang is the third highest contribution state in tourism sector. According to Ministry of Tourism Malaysia, in 2009, the tourists arrivals in Penang has dropped to 1.3 million due to the influenza H1N1 thus there were loses generated by tourists as to the high amount of cost incurred by the state government to these tourism sector (2010). The money that they use to upgrading the facilities, promotions, events and festivals is not balance with how much money the tourists spend during their visits to Penang thus it would be a lose for Penang. The positive economy impacts on cultural impacts in Penang are can increase the tourism economy and society development in Penang (Jafari, 2000). Positive impacts on cultural events in Penang would be the job opportunities in Penang. In 2008, hotels in Penang received approximately 6.3 million tourists which are locals and also international compared to 2007 about 5.1 million tourists arrivals in Penang. The statistics shows that there was slightly increase of 1.2 million visitors arrivals which would indicate that there are so many job opportunities out there for the people who really need to w ork (Administrator III, 2009). This is say that they need more labors to work in such places like hotels, restaurants, tour guides, and many more. Moving on, in 2010, Penang Tourism Minister target 10 million tourists arrivals in 2014. Indirectly says that they need more employment to work in this industry (Administrator III, 2010). Socio Cultural Impacts on Cultural Events in Penang In this part of literature review, one of the socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang is diplomatic relations. According to The Star Online, Penang Government and Russian Embassy are thinking to organize a Russian cultural event every year in order to remembrance of the Russian battleship (Zhemchug) close by Penang coast during the World War. Vorobyeva Lyudmila Georgievna the new Russian ambassador said that their sailors weve been buried in Western Cemetery on Jalan Utama in Penang Island and Pulau Jerejak. Besides that, she also expresses her gratitude to Penang State because the help to clean and uphold those 12 sailors that have been buried in Western Cemetery. Furthermore, she spoke to Datuk Seri Lim Guan Eng and said that it would be much better to organize a Russian cultural event in Penang every year. She suggests that the Russian cultural event would have interesting Russian folk performances, classical, Russian music, and also Russian food as well. Thus, Malaysi a can have bond relationships Russian and with the Russian cultural event it would help to encourage more Russian tourists to come to Penang in the future (2010). Conclusion In conclusion, cultural events are one of the pull factors to bring in tourists from every parts of the world regardless the international or the local tourists. To have such cultural events or festivals can increase our economy in tourism sector thus Penang can be one of the states to be recognize internationally with the uniqueness and amazing beaches, nice foods, great heritage and many more. The existence of cultural events can also promote and bond relationships between the locals and visitors by having lots of activities and know how to appreciate different cultures, religion and race. Chapter 3 Research design and methodology 3.1 Overview In Chapter 3, there will be 5 main points to highlight in this sample proposal. In the first part of this topic is the general idea on the research design and methodology. Next, it is the elaboration about the introduction of the research proposal. Basically, it talks about the purpose of doing this topic and explanation about the cultural events that s being celebrated by all races in Penang. Moving on, there will be a research design in this chapter 3 such as investigating the population and the sampling techniques that is going to apply. After that, it will be explanation regarding the procedures of data collection and data analysis which will be divided into 2 sections which is primary data and secondary data. And lastly, there will be a short explanation about the questionnaires design. Reff Administrator III (2009) boost in Penang tourists arrivals http://www.visitpenang.gov.my/portal3/penang-tourism-news/539-boost-in-penang-tourist-arrivals.html Administrator III (2010) Speech by The Rt Hon Mr Lim Guan Eng, Chief Minister of Penang- Launch of the Penang Investment Tourism Office (PITO), Singapore http://www.visitpenang.gov.my/portal3/penang-tourism-news/1187-speech-by-the-rt-hon-mr-lim-guan-eng-chief-minister-of-penang-launch-of-the-penang-investment-tourism-office-pito-singapore.html PRISCILLA DIELENBERG (2010) CM: Penang needs RM50mil for tourism http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?sec=nationfile=/2010/4/18/nation/20100418170830 Ministry of tourism Malaysia (2010)NUMBER OF TOURIST ARRIVALS FROM TEN LEADING COUNTRIES TRANSITING THROUGH PENANG AIRPORT 2004 2008 http://www.penang.gov.my/index.php?ch=16pg=44lang=eng Jafari, J. (2000). APEC international tourism symposium: the scientification of tourism. 65 Korea Tourism Policy, summer, Vol.2, No.3, 56-59. Seoul: Korea tourism Research Institute (KTRI). http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2002/2002kwonh.pdf Tourism facts sheet gawler visitor tourism centre http://www.gawler.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/5_Gawler_Impacts_Tourism.PDF The star online (2010) Annual Russian fest proposed http://thestar.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2010/11/6/north/7320843sec=north