Free Strategic Management Essay IMAX Free Essays

1. Presentation Harberber and Rieple (2008) characterize technique as a lot of purposeful or incidental arrangement of activities through which an association builds up the necessary arrangement of assets, proficiently target significant clients, meet money related targets and contends successfully. These vital choices drive the drawn out heading of the association, the extent of its exercises, assist gain with advantaging over contenders, and address changes in the business condition. We will compose a custom article test on Free Strategic Management Essay: IMAX or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now The instance of IMAX starts in 1994 when colleagues Gelfond and Wechsler chose to buy the association from its unique proprietors and take the organization open. IMAX works in a people arranged business, working inside media outlets. During that time the proprietors have put forth key attempts toward contacting new crowds. These endeavors, notwithstanding IMAX’s outside condition, will be broke down and investigated in the segments that follow. The consequence of this examination will be the correlation of the firm’s technique with the distinguished business endurance and achievement factors, in an offer to discover the important variables that would drive future development. 2.IMAX’s business condition Various scholars, eminently Michael Porter (1979) have built up a few systems for comprehension and breaking down the impact that an organization’s outer condition could have on its intensity and gainfulness. These systems distinguish the accompanying as outstanding powers: Threat of new participants; Threat of substitutes; Bargaining intensity of providers; Bargaining intensity of purchasers; and Intensity of opponents. This model has refreshed by Haberber and Rieple (2008) to incorporate Complementary powers, distinguishing enterprises that in a roundabout way influence each other. Applying these 6 powers to IMAX, it becomes apparent that the best danger to new contestants is the high capital venture and specialized skill required to go into the hardware appropriation, creation and dispersion industry. Additionally, regarding dispersion channels, IMAX has had the option to set up organizations with films internationally (Firn and Alpeyev, 2010; MarketWatch, 2010) to grandstand its movies. Also IMAX has either mostly or completely possesses (for example David Keighley Productions) organizations having some expertise in the pre and after creation parts of its business. In any case, the expansion of less expensive computerized film creation and 3D gear innovation may essentially lessen that danger in coming years. Comparable to substitutes to IMAX, the investigation centers around potential options, for example, DVD’s, pay-per-see, video on request, amusement parks, games, and different options in contrast to motion pictures. MPAA (2009) uncovers that in 2009 amusement parks were seen to be the biggest substitute danger to the film business. The purchaser inclination for such substitutes is supposed to be moderate in the way that IMAX films are commonly stand-out and can't be effectively replicated, likewise the lower costs of motion pictures have been considered as a significant motivation behind why it would consistently beat amusement stops and games (Bangkok Post, 2010) IMAX’s in house hardware fabricating, long haul relationship with providers, utilization of firm claimed mechanical assets, and number of licenses, fundamentally diminishes the bartering intensity of providers. With the coming of the downturn and the unpredictable monetary condition, clients are getting progressively touchy to value changes. IMAX isn't resistant to this change. IMAX’s item separation permits it to be one of, if by all account not the only, provider of its specific items. Be that as it may, the vertical joining rehearsed by the industry’s significant purchasers, are steadily expanding their purchaser power. IMAX’s significant clients are building up their own enormous configuration and 3D innovation (Georgiades, 2010), which may represent a critical danger to the eventual fate of IMAX on the off chance that they choose to quit depending on its innovation. It would likewise build their dealing power in the event that they mean to renegotiate their current agreements on the premise that they would now be able to give serious quality on their huge organization and in house 3D designs. The biggest danger anyway is the idea of serious contention. Film creation studios are discharging more motion pictures in 3D design, which could represent a danger to IMAX’s inhouse assortment of huge organization 3D narratives (Georgiades, 2010a). Its purchasers are vertically coordinating to construct their own enormous configuration screens, and it is workable for them to begin offering it to contenders (Pacher, 2009). The achievement pace of motion pictures in the market additionally makes it progressively hard to turn a huge benefit on each film included in IMAX screens. Be that as it may, the business is encountering development. Despite the fact that it is progressively getting full grown in US/Canada, Worldwide film industry income has expanded consistently as of late (as found in figure 1). Development was knowledgeable about all locales of the world, particularly Asia Pacific and Latin America (MPAA, 2009). As indicated by Georgiades (2010), the ongoing development of the film business has been driven by the presentation of new innovation, especially huge organization screens and 3D, through which watchers can have another vivid film understanding. Figure 1: Worldwide Box Office ($ Billion). Source: MPAA (2009) Pachner (2009) expressed that the film business was progressively getting developed and declining, as various film specialists would like to hang tight for DVD discharges, anyway this has changed with 3D innovation. The ongoing achievement of the film Avatar is a demonstration of the expanded interest for new advancements, for example, CGI and 3D (Firn and Alpeyev, 2010). 3D viewings have likewise expanded impressively inside the previous scarcely any years and now comprise 11% of all out local film industry inside the US and Canada, in this manner representing the hazardous development the business is confronting (MarketWatch, 2010) Haberberg and Rieple (2008) in their portrayal of the Industry Life Cycle model, express that an association encountering development is typically entrusted with conceivably expanding rivalry, benefit, need to separate its items and market mindfulness. These are progressively getting apparent in IMAX regarding contenders, purchasers and moviegoers. Following the investigation of the business condition in which IMAX works the accompanying key elements for progress have been distinguished: 1.Competitive preferred position through item separation and specialization (exceptional item) 2.Market pioneer through key collusions 3.Technological ability (new innovations, licenses, and so on.) 4.Value as an instructive asset 3.Analysis of IMAX’s technique The most perceived asset of IMAX is its scholarly capital related with the company’s innovative prevalence and licenses. The innovation used to shoot and produce an IMAX film is exceptionally advanced and specialized. A significant part of the innovation utilized has been created in-house and IMAX is viewed as a specialist in such headways. Gelfond, in an announcement in regards to vertical incorporation by purchasers unequivocally gloats â€Å"It took a hundred million dollars in RD to manufacture the Imax mark and make the Imax experience†¦ I think placing a ‘X’ in a name and building a big screen doesn’t reproduce the Imax experience† (Georgiades, 2010) IMAX’s center capabilities likewise exist in its outer and inner linkages with its providers and wholesalers. Great connections exist among deals and obtainment that lead to upgraded abilities in new item improvement. IMAX’s can profit vigorously from its associations with organizations, for example, AMC and Regal. The company’s particular abilities in innovation can likewise be viewed as a center competency. As per Johnson et al (2008), economical upper hand is accomplished by creating strong vital abilities that give advantage after some time. IMAX’s significant capabilities, being the important and industry driving exclusive innovation in huge configuration screening, advanced discussion and 3D screening are important and uncommon, and similarly non substitutable. Be that as it may, they can be imitated. Innovative upgrades have made it workable for theater chains to introduce their own huge organization screens. It has additionally made it workable for makers and merchants with minimal effort to deliver and alter motion pictures. In spite of the fact that IMAX may profess to have manufactured a brand and procured licenses throughout the years, customers can without much of a stretch select to watch competitor’s positions at less expensive costs. These contenders would be glad to introduce this innovation, as they are additionally not bound to income sharing understandings, accordingly representing a sensible danger (Georgiades, 2010). The company’s invasion into 3D innovation, and transformation of Hollywood motion pictures into enormous 3D design has seriously disintegrated its past specialty market and center separation nonexclusive technique. Its expanding center to retrofit theaters with significant innovation, rather than focusing on its prevalent edutainment methodology, could be a chance and a danger. This freshly discovered expansive based item separation procedure (Ormanidhi and Stringa, 2009) would draw in another fragment of moviegoers as found in figure 2, yet in the process it might lose its following of younger students and edutainment centered people that have come to connect its image with huge organization teaching narratives. By embracing this system, IMAX may likewise miss out on the new influx of teaching and engaging narratives that guardians are probably going to put resources into for their children’s insight. Joanna Pachner (2009) likewise contends that IMAX dangers losing its image picture by changing its situating and division procedure. Figure 2: Moviegoer segment in US/Canada. Source: MPAA (2009) How

Ocean Flying free essay sample

Section 1: The Sky I gaze upward. I am canvassed in a cover of dark licorice. The moon touches my cheeks, stimulating the tips of my ears and my nose. I lay on the teak deck of the SSV Tole Mour close to three young ladies, individuals whom I consider as close as family, sufficiently close to talk about that which I fear. I disclose to them I am apprehensive I won't carry on with my life to its fullest potential, that the feelings others have of me will constrain me down ways I would prefer not take. I disclose to them I don’t care what the world considers me, yet like all people, I am influenced by its conclusions. I dread an existence of craziness, an actual existence anchored to congruity, similar to that of Sisyphus. I need to carry on with my life as we do here on the Tole Mour, I state, an actual existence where love is the string that ties us together, where we regard one another, permit our interests to fuel us, where we are not hesitant to communicate our feelings. We will compose a custom exposition test on Sea Flying or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There is no disgrace on the Tole Mour; we discover magnificence in that which others would avoid, similar to the excellence of the sky above us. The four of us look into together. The loftiness of the full moon appears to move over the reflexive surface of our eyes, appearing to give the thumbs up to an existence of experience. I close my eyes, and to the shaking of the boat, I am influenced to rest. Section 2: The Land I glance around. The quietness was stunning. For nineteen minutes, the whole team of the Tole Mour was totally quiet, with just the hints of the water filling our eardrums with fulfilling reverberations. During an ordinary sail strike, which means the bringing down and folding of the lower seven sails, orders would be heard reverberating all through the boat, with callbacks considerably stronger than the orders themselves. Setting and striking sails on the Tole Mour is typically seen as splendidly arranged confusion. This time, with recommendation by the principal mate, we chose to do a totally quiet strike. It was the most delightful scene I had each seen, eighteen bodies working in complete harmony as seven sails were brought down and rolled without a sound however the ocean around us. Recollections like these are what keep the SSV Tole Mour near my heart, stimulating the call of the ocean a seemingly endless amount of time after year. I have figured out how to respect excellence i n its straightforwardness, alongside a thankfulness for the â€Å"little things†. In light of the Tole Mour, I sing when I do the dishes, rather than staring at the TV, I watch the mists. Section 3: The Sea I look down-the rough, peaking floods of the Pacific untruth twenty-five feet underneath the bowsprit. Above me is only the blue of the sky, the white of the mists. My arms are writhing, wriggling, unsure; there is nothing to clutch. The main path down is to bounce, the free fall gifting me with five wonderful seconds of ecstasy, five seconds of comprehension. I close my eyes and pause. This second, the prior second I permit myself to step away from the edge, before I go out on a limb an, is when acknowledgment sets in For 5 seconds I am unified with nature. I am encircled by immaculateness. It is this basic acknowledgment that associates me to the past,that is the string that ties me to a universe of Thoreau, Jack Sparrow, Stravinsky, the Beatles, and Andre Agassi. what's more, Davy Jones Locker. this is the place I feel content. Seconds before I sprinkle into the sea is the point at which I have accomplished all that I buckle down for, however never appear to agree. Here, I am a musician, a writer, a difficult tennis player, a naturalist with arrangements, and a visionary. I open my eyes and I am content and certain. I step off the edge, and for one minute, I can fly.

How to Get the Best Letters of Recommendation Ever!

How to Get the Best Letters of Recommendation Ever! Letters of Recommendation (LORs) are ranked as the 5th most important part of your college application. Most LORs make no difference because they sound like everyone elses. They dont hurt, but they dont help. To make sure you get LORs that actually help you get into a top college, follow these guidelines: Meet with your recommender either in person or by phone. Remind the person of who you are and where you are heading. Talk about stories/examples the recommender can put in the letter. Give the recommender a package of information that includes: examples of your academic work; your high school transcript; your resume; your personal essay (or a summary if you havent written it yet); specific examples of your accomplishments that the recommender can write about The following is an outline of a great letter of recommendation: Introductory paragraph Who the recommender is and how that person knows the applicant. Statement that the applicant is in the top 5 or 10 numerically or the top 5% or 10% of comparable students, in a particular class, work load handled, etc. Something quantifying the students position in comparison to other students. A summary sentence of how it is this applicant stands out to you. 2-6 paragraphs telling stories about the applicant. Provide detailed examples of how this person stands out among the rest. If not already covered, make sure to insert examples of attributes that admissions committees care about. For example: Intellectual ability Intellectual curiosity Writing research skills Analytical skills Positive character traits/Integrity Special skills Leadership Extracurricular involvement Conclusion: Mention anything the recommender knows about the students goals and his/her capacity to reach them. Make sure to request your LORs asap if you havent already! The last thing you want is to have an incomplete application at deadline because youre still waiting on a recommendation. Feel free to show this article to your recommenders for extra insurance that you get the BEST letters of recommendation ever!

Making An App For A Large Number Of College Students Today

Organization is a major concern for a large number of college students today. It seems that keeping track of work, school, sports, and family life can be a feat that proves to be highly challenging. Thus, creating an app for helping students to track their schedules, along with reminders that cause them to recall information that is to be learned will aid in their ability to maintain a satisfactory GPA. When considering the developmental stage of life that these students are in, we can understand there are many events that may cause them to lose focus of the tasks that are most important for furthering their education. Though this age group can vastly vary, a large number of students just beginning college are going to fit into the emerging adulthood category, ranging between eighteen and twenty-five years-of-age (Nevid, 2015, p. 359). Therefore, these freshmen will likely be approaching their peak of physical and cognitive maturity, as this typically occurs in the early twenties (Nevid, 2015, p. 357). Moreover, it is likely that during this stage of life, the college student is experiencing a conventional level of moral reasoning, which is a point in maturity that is evident by one’s willingness to comply with social rules (Nevid, 2015, p. 351). In this conventional point of life, there are two possible levels, stage 3, the â€Å"good boy – good girl† orientation is a observed by the ones desire to please others by doing right. Whereas in stage 4, the law and orderShow MoreRelatedThe Diversity Of Black Americans1402 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity is now, more than ever before, at the forefront of the American conversation. Black people have been slowly but surely making gains in today’s society and in ways that were not possible before. 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Afterwards, they are surprised when their parents read their journals. Communities are outraged by the personal information posted by young people online and colleges keep track of student activities on and off campus. The posting of personal info rmation by teens and students has consequences. I will discuss the uproar over privacy issues in social networks by describing a privacy paradox. Social networking is successful because of its Viral Nature-They key to socialRead MoreKindle Fire Marketing Case Study3055 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction/Overview  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Renan   In  1995,  Jeff  Bezos  launched  Amazon.com.  Ã‚  Today,  Amazon  is  a  Fortune  500   e ­commerce  company  and  the  largest  online  retailer  in  the  United  States.  Amazon.com  has   become  well  known  as  a  company  that  enables  sellers  to  sell  their  products  on  its  website  as  well   as  their  own  branded  websites  and  to  fulfill  orders  through  them.  Amazon  introduced  the  Kindle   Fire  HDX  in  2007  with  an  Android  operating  system,  access  to  their  own  media  and  e ­commerce   services  and  low  pricing  for  the  Kindle  deviceRead MoreA Short Note On How I Use The Internet For Business Activities1539 Words   |  7 PagesE-Procurement This is the buying of goods and services online, instead of face to face business. 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As an educator, I invest countless hours before and after school tutoring students and parents on the GeorgiaRead MoreWhat Determines The Effectiveness Of Communication Process? Essay1833 Words   |  8 Pagesfacilitate the communication e.g. mobile phones, tablets, laptops, or personal computers (Taylor, 2000). The number of global Internet users has enormously grown from less than 1 percent in the year 1995 to around 40 percent today. By the year 2005, there were around a billion users and this figure double by the year 2010. This number had risen to three billion by 2014. Asia leads in the number of internet users, commanding a 48.4%, followed by both North and South America at 21.8%. Europe follows withRead MoreThe Iphone 6 And Ipad 61675 Words   |  7 Pagescompanies in the world today achieve the success Apple has earned over the last couple of decades. Apple was founded by co-founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976 in Cupertino, California, in which both men dropped out of Reed College and UC Berkeley respectively. The year prior, the two men had teamed up to create 50-100 of the first Apple computers. Since that time, Apple has risen to become one of the most innovative and successful companies in the world today. In terms of profit, AppleRead MoreHow Zipcar Has Become Mo re Than A Car Rental Service1054 Words   |  5 Pagesand market mediation. The nature of exchange, consumption and brand community are discussed. http://jcr.oxfordjournals.org/content/39/4/881 â€Æ' Many studies have shown car sharing reduces the cost of transportation for a large segment of urban dwellers. It also reduces the number of cars on the road because the members do not own cars. Zipcar is a company founded in 2000 by Antje Danielson and Robin Chase. By 2010 it had over 8000 vehicles offered to over 560,000 members in urban areas throughoutRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Of Nike2833 Words   |  12 Pagestheir range of products. Nike redesigned their branding strategy by using terms such as Nike ID, Nike+ and nike5. Nike ID enables customers to personalise their own shoes, and Nike+ is an app that customers can download to help them with their workouts and measure amount of exercise they have done, e.g. Nike+ running app, Nike+ coach and Nike+ challenges. Market development: is another strategy that businesses use, this is the processes of selling existing products to a new market; for example Nike developed

Impact Of Globalization On The Media - 2634 Words

It is without a doubt that the Globalisation of the media has increased our access to information about people and events around the world. However, during the process it has also shifted issues on what should or should not be in the public domain due to media ownership led by Western media corporations. The media shape is reconstructing itself, forming a singular global body playing an essential part in our democracy socially, politically, economically and culturally. Due to this, the effects of globalisation towards Journalism have become very debatable to whether it is benefiting the practice of journalism or hindering it. During the course of this essay, it will explore the affect globalisation has on the media (especially journalism), the affect of media ownership and how new technologies have influenced journalism. The theory of globalization today is a field of intensive debate as the efforts towards defining globalization most often highlight its individual aspects. According to Held and McGrew (1999), â€Å"globalisation is an idea whose time has come, yet it lacks precise definition†. Despite the ambiguity of the term â€Å"globalisation,† the use of the term, according to Held and McGrew, reflects increased interconnectedness in political, economic and cultural matters across the world creating a shared social space. Given this inter-connectedness, globalisation may be defined as: â€Å"a process which embodies a transformation in the spatial organisation of social relations andShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Globalization On The Media2634 Words   |  11 PagesIt is without a doubt that the Globalisation of the media has increased our access to information about people and events around the world. However, during the process it has also shifted issues on what should or should no t be in the public domain due to media ownership led by Western media corporations. 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Globalization has been questioned whether or not it actually leans towards the Western culture, or if it

Customer Experience Free Essays

Customer experience is practically the complete make up of a client’s transaction over the internet. It is the general span of a customer’s behavior on how he perceives the products and services, how much he avails of these commodities and how he reacts passively to the presented info on the company’s websites. One more approach to regard customer experience can be pointed out in the way clients tend to integrate their objectives in the overall product presentation of the business entity. We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now Apparently, Web companies are very concerned about the customer experience principles because these factors readily provide the big picture of the firm’s performance. The main reason is that when they provide better customer experience they tend to retain their existing clients instead of acquiring new ones. Add to that that the advertising mileage benefits if a client’s customer   experience is good as being considered in â€Å"customer advocacy† of promotion to their fellow consumers (Allen, 2005). This is true since they consider losing a client to a competitor is just a click away. In the modern age of internet commerce, there are different types of data that online companies use to evaluate their respective customer experience magnitudes. One example is by collecting data which reflects the shopping activities of consumers. Another form of data being collected by Web firms is the kind of activities visitors do in their Web pages. These data can help evaluate the overall behavior of the clients while inside the company’s domain. Most shopping websites use software to track the actual inventory of their products as reflected by the number of purchases done online. One more data value being used by Web firms is in the aspect of passive customer satisfaction after sales. Some companies conduct small but efficient surveys in order to track the progress of the company whether it actually retains old customer, increase their numbers or losses them. These surveys are being presented through non-spam e-mails or ready to use platforms in the company’s web page. The new sets of technologies available today for customer experience development are almost always in the platform of computer software. Since Web companies do their transactions online, the only possible way to promote good customer experience is to provide clients with Web interface functions for their convenience. For example, the software SAP AG of TeaLeaf is being used by U.S. Airways to detect typographical errors in order entry. This helps the customers provide accurate data for ticket dispensing. Another example is by introducing do-it-yourself features in customized purchasing. The satisfaction of a client may now be tracked using ForeSee and iPerceptions platforms by asking survey questions from them. One more type of technology is the one that empowers customers to find answers through built-in search parameters like â€Å"FAQ† (Frequently Asked Questions) link. Kana Software makes it possible to increase the level of search hits of a customer who needs a quick answer to an inquiry. In summary, the Web firms are insinuating that their previous goals to enhance customer experience are actually paving the way for a more beneficial result in terms of their performance. With the technology and techniques in customized marketing, they have been experiencing a complete growth of sales and service requests from old and new customers. The US Airways ticketing sales have doubled while BasePro increased its revenue by 10% due to customized e-mail ads for its clients. They are now measuring success by considering how much of the customers are still doing business with them as well as how other clients are being drawn towards their Websites due to new technology make ups. References Allen, J., Reichheld, F., Hamilton, B. 2005. The Three â€Å"Ds† of Customer Experience. Working Knowledge-Harvard Business School. Retrieved May 13, 2008 from How to cite Customer Experience, Essay examples

Identified free essay sample

The Struggle life of a Mexican-American In todays society, racial profiling is not unheard of, actually it is quite common. It is still at debate whether the act of racial profiling in moral or not. In the essay â€Å"Exile. El Paso, Texas†, Saenz describes his personal experience of discrimination due to his ethnic background. Saenz is a Mexican-American and because he lives in El Paso, which is a border town, he is often mistaken for an illegal immigrant by other Americans. Throughout the essay, Saenz’s feeling about his identity as an American had changed. He feels like he is always being judged by Americans sorely on his appearances. Towards the beginning of his essay, Saenz feels like he belonged to America and he had a positive view about everything around him, special is the nature throughout his desk view. Saenz says, I looked out my window and stared at the Juarez Mountains. We will write a custom essay sample on Identified or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mexican purples – burning. (p. 20). We can see that Saenz is enjoying his desk view. He goes further in describing how he feels, All this color, all this color, all this color beneath the shadow of the Juarez Mountains. Sunset Heights: a perfect place with a perfect name, and a perfect view of the river. (p. 20). These colors, especially the purple, represent the beauty of El Paso for him. At this point, it is easy for Saenz to find the beauty of El Paso. But later, Saenzs feeling had changed because Saenz is stopped on the streets of his neighborhood and questioned by the border patrol officers. When she first saw him, she suspected that Saenz was not American. She asked him where he came from and later she repeated the question in Spanish because the thought Saenz could not understand English. Even thought Saenz said he was a U. S citizen, she still kept her suspicious about his identify and kept asking him some questions to make sure. Despite the rude questioning of the female border patrol officer, Saenz tried to stay friendly and appeasing. Afterwards, Saenz regreted the way he handled the situation saying, I was embarrassed, ashamed because Id been so damned compliant like a piece of tin foil in the uniformed womans hand. (p. 22). At the same time Saenz becomes annoyed and says to himself, pretty soon Ill have to carry a passport in my own neighborhood. ( p. 22). Because he thinks when people stops him and starts to ask him the same questions, he would show them the passport to confirm that he is American then they cannot be mean to him. Besides, Saenz was affected by the questions of the border patrol officer and the attitudes, so he tried to do anything to get these questions out of his mind. As the result, he went for a run, he kept running until he could no longer hear â€Å" Are you sure you were born in Las Cruces? †. The next encounter, the border patrol officers still had doubt about him and they asked him some question such as: Do you live in this neighborhood? , Where down the street? (p. 23). But in this encounter, he became more confident for his answers and with each pursuing officer Saenz becomes more aggressive. He replied they: are you planning on making a social visit? (p. 23). Couple months later, he was stopped again and be asked by the similar questions: where are you from? (p. 24). Saenz was so upset and he asked them to leave him alone. In another day, when he was in Juarez with his friend, Michael, the custom officer asked them to declare their citizenship. After they answered that they was U. S citizens, the officer kept asking Saenz about where he was born in America and did not ask Michael. In this situation, Saenz noticed that his friend did not be asked about the identity because he had blue eyes, white skin which makes him look like an American. Thus, Saenz feels like he was being discriminated against because his appearance. Saenzs total shift is completed in his final confrontation of the essay. In this run in with the border patrol Saenzs defiance is most blatant. Saenz is pushed past his threshold and snaps, saying to the officer, Read me my rights, throw me in the can, or leave me alone. (p. 26) The reader is able to view Saenzs change in attitude. Saenz feeling of annoyance turns to pure hatred. Saenz states, He hated me as much as I hated him. (p. 26). We can see the feeling of Saenz had changed from the beginning through the end of the essay. When the first meet up with the female border patrol officer, he did not get upset about what she acted to him and her rude questions. Nevertheless, his feeling had changed day by day because of the behavior of the officers that makes him feel like he is separated from his neighborhood. Saenz’s lifestyle has been an ongoing struggle for him because of all the harassments and discrimination he encountered in El Paso. He realized that people judged him sorely based on his appearance and treats him different than his other American friends just because he doesn’t look like an ideal American. Throughout the essay he becomes less and less aware of his identity and who he really is.

Slumming It Essay Essay Example

Slumming It Essay Essay Through the documentary McCollum consistently expresses his pollens on Diehard and aims to solve the enigma that this slum is claimed to have a strong sense of community, high employment rate, little crime and a model for sustainable living. Kevin Mucosas opinions in the opening scenes of the film reinforce the audiences attitudes of poverty stricken, disease rife slums. He says When I think of a slum, the thing I think of is misery. And for people to say they are intensely happy, I don buy that. These relatable personal opinions and camera shots of McCollum experiencing the extremes of the slum give him a persona of a genuinely interested and honest investigator. This positions the audience to respect him and adds an air of credibility which encourages the audience to accept the information as reliable and encourages them to accept the views being promoted by Kevin McCollum. Juxtaposition is shown through the editing of camera shots which displays the negative and positive aspects o f Diehard. Camera shots of littered lands, crowded and fragile makeshift housing and children playing in sewage, gives us a powerful image that further strengthens the attitudes and ideologies the western world has with poverty stricken societies. This persuades the audience to feel empathy and arrow towards this poor and euthanized community. However through the construction of taking a positive approach and emphasizing the qualities of the slum, the audiences attitude is altered. Silencing Is used as information such as the high death rates in slums, depression and struggle that many people In the slum experience regularly is not included. Not knowing this Information, positions the audience to perceive the slum as a more positive place, as the positive features are focused on stronger. Conversations are had with the people who live In Dorval, we gain Information of personal experiences wealth the slum. Convincing statistics are given through the narration of McCollum, such as the high 85% employment rate of Dorval. We will write a custom essay sample on Slumming It Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Slumming It Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Slumming It Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also through the visual shots of the communities utilizing space extremely well, the connections and Interaction between all the people In the slum and the long camera shots which emphasize the smiles, laughter and happiness had In the communal TTY, persuades us to change our Attlee we previously Ana AT ten slum. Film puts forward the view that underneath the unsanitary conditions, there are values overlooked that the western world can learn such as teamwork, social interaction, space management and the keys Tao happy life. The construction processes used in Slumming It were effective in conveying and persuading the audience of first world countries. Its purpose of exposing the audience to the knowledge of the true happiness and intelligent tools that can be learnt from poverty stricken societies was achieved. The documentary altered the audiences attitude and ideologies that people living in slums are not depressed, unmotivated and uneducated people as the film persuaded us that they are very content in the way in which they live focusing their values in happiness and life qualities. I chose this documentary as the ways in which other cultures live interests me. The knowledge of a identity other then my own and to learn the way in the way which they live and express their language to connect to the communities in which they live in, has altered my attitudes and ideologies not only towards the people living in slums like Diehard, but the western society and how much we lack qualities such as sustainable living and the happiness shared with social interaction in our own communities.

Coles Myer Ltd Essays

Coles Myer Ltd Essays Coles Myer Ltd Essay Coles Myer Ltd Essay Coles Myer Ltd Background and Issues In 1985 G. J Coles, primarily a Melbourne-based supermarket chain, merged with Myer Ltd, an upmarket Melbourne department store, becoming Coles Myer Ltd. The merger was brought on by an expectation of significant cost savings from sharing services and overheads such as purchasing, warehousing, information technology and property. However these benefits never occurred. Coles Myer was burdened with poor management, bad strategic decisions, and internal conflict. Their share price was faltering, and lagging behind their biggest competitor Woolworths, and profit had been stagnant for three years. In September 2001 the board appointed John Fletcher as chief executive, well known for his part in turning Brambles into a successful international company. Fletcher’s first priority was to do something about Coles Myer’s share price, however he recognised that to be able to change it he must first deal with the companies strategic and structural problems. This analysis of organisational design and effectiveness will discuss the issues experienced by Coles Myer, discussion of theories related to the these problems and possible solutions, an examination of what is being done, and what else could be done to improve the situation. One of the biggest problems facing Coles Myer was organisational culture. With the Coles and Myer target markets being downmarket and upmarket respectively, compatibility of their cultures became an obstacle after merging. In order to achieve the anticipated merger benefits, Coles with their mass merchandising mentality would have to find a way to amalgamate many of their functions, tasks and processes with Myer’s, who dealt with chic, and more expensive luxury items. In addition to this, Fletcher believed the Coles Myer culture had become too bureaucratic. A clear demonstration of this bureaucracy was in the headquarters of Myer in Melbourne, which was built as a statement of purpose, place and status. Also, since the merger, the Coles Myer bureaucracy had allowed several uncooperative silos to develop. This problem was worsened by the recent appointment of overseas managers to head the main businesses. As a conglomerate, Coles Myer had the difficulty of having to coordinate a diverse range of businesses including Coles, Red Rooster, Target, and Myer. This was not helped by various newly appointed managers would change business strategies confusing employees and consumers. The result of this was that each business struggled to find its position in the marketplace and in the Coles Myer business family. Myer also struggled to find its place, it was continually under-performing, and it wasted a substantial amount of management’s time. Fletcher also initiated considerable organisational change upon his appointment, including standardisation IT throughout the company. He also worked towards developing a coherent strategy for each of the Coles Myer businesses, breaking down the bureaucracy, and developing a common culture. Relevant Theories The Machine Bureaucracy Coles Myer demonstrates many of the characteristics of a machine bureaucracy. â€Å"It is an organisation with very routine and formalised operating tasks, rules and regulations, which is highly centralised† (Robbins Barnwell, 2006, pp. 123). Being such a large organisation it has to rely on these formalised tasks, rules and regulations for coordination and control. The main strength of a machine bureaucracy is its highly efficient ability to perform standardised tasks. Like specialties within the organisation are grouped together to achieve economies of scale and reduce the duplication of personnel and equipment (Robbins Barnwell, 2006, pp. 24). Many employees have the sole purpose of maintaining standardisation, and a large number of these would have been included in the 1000 back-office staff that was made redundant by Fletcher in his progress towards making Coles Myer less bureaucratic. However, creating specialised units can result in conflicts, the creation of unit goa ls that take precedence over the organisational goals, and a reduction in communication between the units. Units that exhibit these characteristics are known as silos. Fletcher attempted to dismantle the silos within Coles Myer but encountered ignificant difficulties. Another problem for machine bureaucracies is trying to do too much. The resulting complexities arising from an organisation attempting to control a very broad range of businesses can often be too great for the machine bureaucracy structure to handle (Robbins Barnwell, 2006, pp. 125). This problem was recognised by Fletcher, with one of his first moves to sell off the ‘non core businesses’ Red Rooster and World 4 Kids. Increased organisational complexity also played a part in failure to achieve the expected economies of scale after the merger. Organisational Change Change in an organisation can either be planned or unplanned. â€Å"Planned change is change that comes about as a result of a specific effort on the part of a change agent† (Wood et al. 2001, pp 635), with unplanned being the opposite. Wood (et al. 2001, pp 635) also states that planned change comes about as a result of someone’s perception of a performance gap. The board’s recognition of such a performance gap led to Fletchers appointment as chief executive, and change agent. The problems facing Coles Myer were difficult and widespread. Most of the individual businesses struggled with business strategy, and across the whole organisation there was issues with organisational culture and structure. These kinds of problems require a kind of change known as systematic change. Systematic is a form of planned change that is widespread across an organisation, and affects most aspects of its operation. Robbins and Barnwell (2006, pp. 377) suggest that because systematic changes causes widespread disruption and requires enormous effort that it is only done out of necessity. The systematic change that Fletcher initiated took the form of downsizing to reduce the bureaucracy and reduce costs; clear definitions of the structures, roles and responsibilities, and positioning of each business unit, developing a common culture across the organisation, and the standardisation of IT across the organisation. Change is a continuous process, but the traditional episodic view of change is unfreeze, change and refreeze (Burton, Lauridsen and Obel, 1999, pp 2). Unfreezing involves management preparing a situation for change. The change is then performed. Refreezing involves positively reinforcing the desired outcomes, and evaluating the change process and gathering feedback. A continuous but intermittent process. Change can also be ongoing, where instead of refreezing, more of a rebalancing occurs after the change, ready for the next change. The change needed by Coles Myer upon Fletchers appointment was episodic. They needed a significant systematic change, and then for this change to be secured and given time to succeed, as the continuous changes occurring in the organisation in the previous years had done more harm than good. This also had to be supported by extensive feedback. Organisational Culture Robbins and Barnwell (2006, pp 405) defines organisation culture as a system of shared meaning within an organisation, and that in every organisation there are patterns of beliefs, symbols, rituals, myths and practices that have evolved over time. Coles Myer has numerous organisational culture problems. Firstly, due to the separate nature of the businesses, vertical subcultures have formed in the Coles Myer family, contributing to the silo problem discussed earlier. This is a problem, as organisational effectiveness depends on how much the organisations culture, strategy, environment and technology are aligned with the organisations goals (Robbins Barnwell, 2006, pp. 411). It is also the main reason behind the attempts to create a singular culture across the organisation. But as Fletcher found out, it is a difficult problem, as it is almost guaranteed that subcultures will form within a large organisation such as Coles Myer. Organisational culture was also a significant issue at the time of the merger. When mergers are aimed at attaining economies of scale, the success of the merger will depend on how effectively the different cultures themselves can be merged (Robbins Barnwell, 2006, pp. 419). In order to integrate functions, assets and infrastructure, a successful merger between the mass marketing culture of Coles, and the more elegant and exclusive culture of Myer would have to be performed. We know now that this wasn’t to be, and that Coles Myer decided to abandon the Myer department store, and become known as the Coles Group. Recommendations In addition to the actions already performed by Fletcher, there are a number of things that can or could have been done to improve organisational effectiveness and efficiency. An effective way to assist in the dismantling of silos, and preventing their formation is to promote communication between the silos. This can be done by creating various coordinator positions, whose job is to liase between different departments, ensure that all the necessary information is being communicated, and regularly report back to senior management on how the departments are performing in relation to the organisational goals. The implementation of common/centralised IT and processes throughout the Coles Group would play a significant role in their future success. Using common software and procedures will increase communication and coordination, and reduce organisational complexity. A centralised system is well suited to the Coles Group, and it will enhance control and monitoring; important processes in a machine bureaucracy. Leifer (1988) asserts that effective performance of centralised computer business information systems requires rules and policies that match the tasks of the machine bureaucracy organisation, supporting this statement. Moving to a centralised system would appear to be a significant change, however Rockart and Scott Morton (1984, cited in Leifer 1986 p 66. ) believe implementing a centralised system in a machine bureaucracy requires few changes on part of the organisation†. Having disposed of non-core businesses, and the culturally different Myer, the Coles Group are now set to unify their brand and culture. With the aid of the $1. 4 billion provided by the sale of Myer, the Coles Group will be cutting their key brands down to just three – Coles, Target and Office works within the next two years (Simpson, 2006). This strategy will help to resolve the organisational culture and structure problems discussed in this case study analysis, as by reducing the number of key businesses/brands the individual business goals will also be reduced, discouraging the formation of silos, and making it easier to create a unified culture throughout the whole organisation. References Burton, R. M. , Lauridsen, J. ; Obel, B. 1999, ‘Tension and Resistance to Change in Organizational Climate: Managerial Implications for a Fast Paced World’, Retrieved April 26th, 2007 from www. ok. cbs. dk/images/publ/Burton%20og%20Obel%20og%20Lauridsen%20tension%202000. pdf Leifer, Richard 1988 ‘Matching Computer-Based Information Systems with Organizational Structures’, MIS Quarterly, Vol 12, no 1, pp 66. Robbins, S. P and Barnwell, N. S. 2006, Organisation Theory: Concepts and Cases, Prentice Hall, Sydney Rockart, J. and Scott Morton, M. 1984 ‘Implications of Changes in Information Technology for Corporate Strategy’ Interfaces, Vol 14, no 1, pp. 4-96, cited in Leifer, Richard 1988 ‘Matching Computer-Based Information Systems with Organizational Structures’, MIS Quarterly, Vol 12, no 1, pp 66. Simpson, Kirsty 2006 ‘Coles drops Kmart, Bi-Lo’, The Age, August 1st, 2006, Retrieved April 26th from theage. com. au/news/business/coles-drops-kmart-bilo/2006/07/31/1154198073979. html Wood, J. ; Chapman, J. ; Fromholtz, M. ; Morrison, V. ; Wallace, J. ; Zeffane, M. ; Schemerhorn, J. ; Hunt, J. ; Osborne, R. 2003, Organisational behaviour: a global perspective, 3rd edition, John Wiley Sons Australia Ltd, Milton Qld

Architecture in the Arab and Islamic world Article

Architecture in the Arab and Islamic world - Article Example This is evident in the current magnificent structures dotting Abu Dhabi in UAE that symbolize ultra-modern architectural design that blend Arab and Western culture. The assertion of the author on the historic attachment of Arab architecture on religion bears significant truth. A critical assessment of most of the ancient and some modern Middle East architecture shows indisputable homogeneity in terms of architectural design. In fact, western nations and ancient civilization discusses more architectural borrowing from the Muslims as evidenced in the widespread application of arcs and domes. However, despite geopolitical factors, the pressure of globalization has promoted a paradigm shift towards a culturally tolerant architectural design in Middle East. In this article, the observed architectural techniques that deviate from the traditional Arab style that is increasingly dominating the Middle East is a reality. In regard to the captivating architectural set pieces in Abu Dhabi like The Louvre Abu Dhabi Museum, obvious questions need to be answered in regard to the conservative Arab culture. This has been facilitated by increasing multicultural interaction in the wake of increased campaign for environmental care, space economy and technological explosion as noted by the

Understanding of Macro level practice Case Study

Understanding of Macro level practice - Case Study Example Wodarski and Dziegielewski (2002) state that macro-level practices can be categorized in four dimensions. These dimensions include tasks to meet clients needs, determining where and how changes can be made, assisting clients to get the resources they need and the organization’s perspective. In looking at the client needs, we have to look at how we can create new resources and how we can improve policies and procedures that regulate resource distribution. There are various issues concerning service delivery that need to be adopted by various agencies. One major issue is incorporation of the new technologies when delivering services. Most of the macro-level practices can be understood in a broader base of clients’ community. Hardcastle (2011) tells us that like individuals, every community is uncommon with unique opportunities and challenges. In order to understand macro-level practices in a community, we have to undertake a community assessment. This assessment can help us understand various relevant aspects of a community and it can enable us to know the current conditions and factors necessary to consider achieving the changes we anticipate having in this community. Community assessment can also assist us in identifying assets, resources, and challenges that a community has as per the moment. It can also yield us to know the current state of a community and, thus, recommend what needs to be done for a better future to be achieved. In addition to understanding a community, community assessment also facilitates building a case theory (Hardcastle, 2011). For us to conduct a good community assessment we have to consider the relationships between people and environment. Hardcastle (2011) states that the first step in community assessment is determining critical factors in the community, ecology and task environment. By the end of the community assessment, we

Happiness And Thought Disorder Philosophy Essay

Happiness And Thought Disorder Philosophy Essay Everyone in life should be happy and the thought of happiness being a disorder should not be a thought someone have in there mind. In A proposal to classify happiness as a psychiatric disorder, Richard Bental argues that happiness is a major affective disorder. Although Richard Bental includes many arguments, I will focus on his argument that happy people have been shown to exhibit biases judgments that prevent them from being realistic and unrealistic opinions, and that happy people are not psychiatrically disordered. I will explain my opinion on happiness give reason in why happiness should not be called a disorder. I will argue that Richard P. Bental makes an argument that he believe must be true, but doesnt seem to be and the argument seems to be unsound. Realistically, people in life will not think of there state of happiness being a disorder that need attention, Therefore Happiness should not be considered a major disorder with bad side affects. First I argue that happiness is not a cause for therapeutics concern. Statistically not many people have made a doctor visit for being happy all the time. I make more sense for people to go to therapy for stress and miserable about things. Without signs of happiness and smile you can not attract many relationships and friends in life. Good Form Test: The argument seems to be deductive. Without a doubt the author sticks to his thought of happiness being a disorder. I argue that it is not likely for to attend therapy concerning problems with being happy. Although the author seems to have researched the topic, it is not proven that the disorder and side affects of happiness are anyway a bad side affect that affects that person life. In life when people seem to be happy and live a great life, it has almost always given them better chances of living than unhappy people. True premises test: I believe the Author thought of happy people needing therapy if controversial and false. The author goes on and explains research and why people should go to therapy but statistically I do not believe many happy people will seek therapy. Many people seek therapy when there seems to be greater problems that a doctor will have concern about. I believe the author would accept my argument after looking over statistic and talking to a therapist to view that average of how many people visit for problems on happiness. S2: Happiness is known for having low stress and good work performance, therefore it does not seem to be the type of stress the Bental explains. I will argue that a better term called Generalized Happiness Disorder is a better explanation than Bental view on disorder.(Sabah,Karima)GHD is now as a large part of the population and the effects are low stress, productive work, and positive social relationships. I believe more people can relate to this view point of happiness being a disorder versus Bentals. Bental believes that happiness is a disturbance of the nervous system and is very rare in some parts of the world. I believe that everyone finds ways to be happy in there own way, and at some point of time everyone will find ways in life to be happy. Good Form Test: The argument seems to be deductive. There is an article that explain happiness and a disorder with nothing but positive outcome which is opposite as the authors explanation. The author gives examples of what other people thinks of happiness which is more of a positive case. Bental still believes that happiness can cause abnormalities and bad nervous system. I this is invalid. True Premises Test: Again I believe the author is controversial and his premises for the argument seem false. Based on the Generalized Happiness Disorder happiness is a good state on being and the effect are not related to Bentals S3: People being happy in life does not require them having to take medication therefore, happiness should not be considered a disease that disturbs the body. When people smile it is a sign of happiness and smiling takes less muscles in your body than frowning. It is statistically proven the depression will be the second largest killer after heart disease by 2010. After reading over percentages like this it is not likely that a person wants to compare there happiness to a disorder or disease. Good Form Test: This argument seems to be deductive. The author seems to make and invalid point but believe you cannot deny his conclusion. When happiness enters the body it is a healthy change for the body and its not harmful. Unless a person is abnormal he/she does not need medication for a happy condition. True Premises Test: I believe the authors argument is controversial and false. Based on the facts about depression more people are known to take medication and have complication in life fro m sadness and depression. I believe my arguments are also Deductive and pass the true Premises test. Many people in life would disagree in going to therapy for reason of happiness and, many people would agree with the Generalized Happiness Disorders rather that Bentals viewpoint Overall the state of being happy is more acceptable to people as a Generalized Happiness Disorder rather that psychiatric disease that needs therapeutic attention. Happiness may cause changes to you body but will always make better changes that sadness. Happiness is not a disorder that need attention, but its a disorder that people should look at in a good way. The GHD is the best was to explain happiness as a disorder. You should ignore that concept feeling the need for therapy and help in a happy state of being.

Principles of Physical Security Essay

Physical security is the wide phenomena that are taken for the prevention or determent of attackers from a possible access of a resource, information that is stored within physical media and facilities. Physical security is viewed under three fundamental aspects. These are; †¢ Responding adequately to the measures of security that would repel or catch the possible attackers in the event of detection. †¢ Using gadgets and implements that are forthwith important in the control of secure atmosphere. This could include cameras, security lighting and use of alarms, patrols by security guards that provide easy noticing of attacks. †¢ Facilitation of obstacles that are aimed at frustrating any possible attackers and delaying the serious security cases. A proper set of security designs has the compliment of all these structures that work cohesively with one another. A good physical security design is a compliment of four important factors which are intrusion detection, electronic and mechanical access controls, environmental design and video monitoring. Physical security is based on various principles that are applied to solve various security concerns at varied depths. (Walter, 1997). These include; Building security:   Buildings are the source of residence for human beings. However, their structural planning and establishments is compromised by various security threat factors that make the life of those living in them unsafe. Building security therefore implies all the fundamental components of architectural and construction concerns that make buildings safe places for living and hostage. It is the compound of all structures that provide authenticity in the physical structures that provides the safest levels for the habitation. The guarantee for this security is well accorded during the designing phase of the building. The aspect of this security is inclusive of both the internal and the external environments that are occupied by the building. The physical structure of the building should be designed in the most appropriate manner that provides the highest levels of security measures for its inhabitants. It should include a coordinated design in the roofs, walls outlet such as doors, windows and locks (Donald, 1997) Ground security: This is the protective aspect that is attached to airports and its surrounding environment. It includes all aspects that are attached to the physical structure of an airport that makes it a safe place for the various activities that goes on within their contemporaries. It incorporates adequate placement of the structures such as runways, surveillance services, communication systems and all aspects that are endowed within the structures of an airport. Due to the delicacy of the airport operations, high importance should be attached in the highest levels of security for the activities and processes of the airport (Azari, 2003) Access control systems: These are systems of control that are applied in securing adequate security towards information and other facets of information systems. This is the provisions of providing the legitimate users with the principles with which they should apply in assessing stored data. Information is deemed as an essential aspect and a resource aspect within any organization. Access control systems should therefore address the fundamentals with which the information should be mined, shared and made into use. Improper and illegitimate use of data and information may lead to comparative disadvantages for the organization. Improper and inappropriate use of information is subject to huge loses to an organization through misuse of the data and information that leaves the organization at a competitive disadvantage when its information is used by its competitors to develop business strengths. Importantly, the aspects of corporate intelligence as well as industrial espionage are two important aspects that define the rationality for data security. The current business environment and the expanding technological advancement have seen this process fully acknowledged. Various tools have been used to safeguard the organization information and their respective systems. Substantially therefore, physical security on information and their systems remains implicit for the success of the organization (Harold, 2003) Perimeter security: This is the broad components of techniques and methods that are used in providing an outer bounder security of premises. This is essential in preventing possible access of unauthorized persons within the premises. These may keep off trespassers, thieves, unauthorized persons and others persons. It can be secured using physically constructed walls and fences. Perimeter security is made to advance the most optimal security prospects that would help to safeguard the internal structures that are endowed within premises. Perimeter security should be advanced therefore as protective measures that safeguard the internal prospects of the premises. Technological advances security: This is the security protection for innovations, technological advancements, designs and process improvements. This should be protected to avoid losses through comparative disadvantages occurring form business competitors. It includes intellectual property security that can be provided through trademarks. Innovations come as the process of advancement in specific lines of production and manufacturing or personal production of his/her intellectual work. Security on these productions providing the environment with which the producer or the copyright owners can be safeguarded form any possible activities of misuse of the product that may make the profit motive of the technology to be unmet. (Peter, 2000)

What is Psychopathy?

Psychopathy is a problem for society as a whole, seeing that it could easily lead individuals that are suffering from this personality disorder to violent and criminal acts. The bases of psychopathy are known to be biological, sociological, and psychological. Whereas amygdala dysfunction is thought to be responsible for psychopathy, an individual’s frustration with his or her low socioeconomic status may also lead him or her to commit acts of crime revealing psychopathic features in the process. Psychologists believe that low IQ may similarly be responsible for psychopathic behavior. Additionally, they have extensively studied personality traits, such as those on the Big Five personality dimensions, to understand psychopathic traits in particular. Apart from the above, this paper also discusses therapeutic interventions with respect to psychopathy. Introduction In children as well as adults, psychopathy is defined on the basis of three dimensions: (1) an â€Å"arrogant deceitful interpersonal style†¦including glibness or superficial charm, self-centeredness or a grandiose sense of self-worth, lying, conning, manipulation, and deceitfulness; (2) deficient affective experience†¦including low remorse, low guilt, a weak conscience, callousness, low empathy, shallow affect, and a failure to accept responsibility for actions (denials, excuses, etc. ; and (3) an impulsive or irresponsible behavioral style†¦including boredom, excitement-seeking, a lack of long-term goals, impulsiveness, failing to think before acting, and a parasitic lifestyle (debts, unsatisfactory work habits, etc. )† (Cooke & Michie, 2001). No wonder, psychopathy is rigorously investigated with reference to criminal behavior. Psychologists are also very interested in learning about the roots of psychopathy in children. These studies are based on the premise that it is impossible to try to solve a problem without a thorough understanding of its roots. Psychopathy in Literature Blair (2001) explains that the roots of psychopathy may very well lie in amygdala dysfunction. The amygdala is related to the emotional response, in particular, the flight or fight response to threats. With impairment in this essential area of the human brain, the individual is unable to make appropriate emotional responses to threats. The emotional dysfunction in the person suffering from psychopathy is enough to serve as evidence that the parts of the brain connected with emotions are impaired in the case of those suffering from psychopathy (Blair). Moreover, Blair connects the conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder with psychopathy to describe that there are similarities between the problems. The author adds to our previous definition of psychopathy by stating that those that are suffering from this particular disorder reveal â€Å"emotional shallowness† in addition to antisocial behaviors that are often marked by aggression and taking of offence (Blair). Antisocial behavior is often related to the Intelligence Quotient as well as the socioeconomic status of the person that displays it. Thus, psychopathy may similarly be connected with the IQ and socioeconomic status of those that suffer from it. In particular, those who are less intelligent and who also suffer from lacks due to their present socioeconomic status, may express their emotional frustrations through antisocial behavior, thereby getting very close to the definition of psychopathy (Blair). Rutter (2005) argues that although antisocial behavior is not exactly the same as psychopathy, the importance of investigating the latter lies in the evidence that those that are classified as â€Å"psychopathic offenders† tend to begin their â€Å"criminal careers† at an early age. Besides, these individuals â€Å"are more likely to become persistent offenders than the criminals without psychopathy features† (Rutter). What is more, psychopathic offenders or criminals are often known to be violent and to resist therapeutic intervention. The author also mentions new instruments that have been developed to measure the traits of psychopathy in children as well as adults. These instruments include the â€Å"Antisocial Process Screening Device† (Rutter). Also according to Rutter, child psychiatrists and child psychologists have shown reluctance in diagnosing psychopathy in children and adolescents, based on the belief that the diagnosis might inevitably lead young individuals to bad outcomes in the days to come. On the other hand, it is thought that adults that are suffering from the personality disorder we understand as psychopathy, may have had the problem traits even in childhood. Hence, it is also believed to be easier to start therapeutic programs in childhood so as to help the young in avoiding bad outcomes in future (Rutter). Salekin & Frick (2005) state that young individuals with psychopathic characteristics may be suffering from a particular set of cognitive as well as affective deficits. Knowledge of the â€Å"specific causal pathway† of psychopathy in children and adolescents could prove to be consequential in the design of â€Å"individualized interventions† for such youths (Salekin & Frick). After all, the most important reason why psychologists would like to understand more about psychopathic traits in youths is that these traits help to â€Å"predict future antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior† (Salekin & Frick). Psychologists are also aware that children with psychopathic traits exhibit the â€Å"highest rates of conduct problems, self-reported delinquency, and police contacts† (Salekin & Frick). Salekin, Rogers, & Machin (2001) conducted a study on youths with psychopathic traits. This research was conducted through a survey that was sent out to more than five hundred clinical psychologists, asking them to describe psychopathic traits in youths; gender differences between youths with psychopathic traits; and also the kinds of interventions that psychologists had used with such youths. The results of the study revealed that children with psychopathic features tend to share these features with adults that are also suffering from psychopathy. The mean age of the youngster with psychopathic traits is a little over fourteen years. The average youth with psychopathic features has an 8th grade level education. Moreover, there are more boys than girls showing psychopathic traits. Although the boys with psychopathic characteristics are more aggressive, and often violent; girls with psychopathic features tend to be less aggressive. Such girls reveal their psychopathic traits through antisocial behavior as well as hostility (Salekin, Rogers, & Machin). The study further revealed the prevailing belief of clinical psychologists that it is quite difficult for them to treat psychopathy. Therapeutic interventions are also believed to work more effectively for youths as compared to adults. This is because the personality of children is often thought to be more fluid than the personality of adults. Hence, clinical psychologists reported that they had seen â€Å"moderate-to-marked gains† of psychotherapy in children and adolescents treated for psychopathy (Salekin, Rogers, & Machin). Girls in general were seen to benefit more from psychotherapy than boys. Clinical psychologists found a marked reduction in violence, delinquency, in addition to verbal aggression, even after one year of psychotherapeutic treatment for children and adolescents suffering from psychopathy. Even so, the psychologists reported that antisocial behaviors are sometimes hidden in the natures of the youths and â€Å"outside the purview of psychotherapists† (Salekin, Rogers, & Machin). Hence, this study called for further research to augment our understanding of psychotherapeutic treatment for youths with psychopathic features. Farrington (2005) points out that even though psychotherapeutic treatment for psychopathy should begin early, and should be extensive, there are various problems that make therapeutic intervention difficult. First, â€Å"psychopathy is extremely persistent throughout life,† and so, even though clinical psychologists have observed improvements in youths with psychopathic features after psychotherapy, the problem traits of such youths may not entirely go away (Farrington). Second, psychopathy is also believed to have a biological cause, i. e. amygdala dysfunction, and biological causes cannot be reversed through psychological interventions. Furthermore, psychopaths are manipulative individuals, and they are often able to lie to and deceive psychotherapists so as to become â€Å"treatment-resistant† (Farrington). Farrington also mentions the Big Five personality dimensions that psychologists have often used in an attempt to understand the problem traits of individuals suffering from psychopathy, before they can devise better therapeutic models to help them. The five personality dimensions are: â€Å"Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness† (Farrington). Out of these five dimensions, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism are most relevant to studies on psychopathy. The author describes how individuals with psychopathic characteristics are expected to fare on the Big Five personality dimensions: Agreeableness includes straightforwardness (with deceitfulness at the negative end), altruism (v. exploitativeness), modesty (v. arrogance), and tendermindedness (v. callousness). Conscientiousness includes dutifulness (with poor dependability at the negative end), achievement striving (v. aimlessness), self-discipline (v. hedonism), and deliberation (v. arelessness). Neuroticism includes impulsiveness and angry hostility, although it also includes self-consciousness (with glibness and shamelessness at the negative end) and vulnerability (with fearlessness at the negative end). Conclusion Indeed, with better understanding of the personality traits of individuals suffering from psychopathy – a problem with biological, sociolo gical, and psychological roots – psychologists are in a better position to help them. Yet, it is bad news for psychotherapists that psychopathy may have a biological cause that they would not be able to work their way around. Moreover, psychopaths are often able to escape treatment by conning and lying during psychotherapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, even the knowledge that psychopaths are able to do this is essential in devising new treatments for them. Our literature review has revealed the importance of understanding psychopathy especially in children and adolescents. Psychologists believe that early intervention is crucial in psychopathy, and youths that are suffering from this personality disorder should be treated extensively. This is because personalities are understood to be more fluid in youth. By helping children and adolescents to change their problem traits, psychologists may be able to save them from negative outcomes in the future. All the same, psychologists have reported that the problem traits of children and adolescents with psychopathic features may never entirely go away. Children and adolescents with psychopathic traits may easily turn out to be criminals in = future. Hence, it is even more important to understand the problem of psychopathy now before better treatments may be developed for the problem in question.

The Professional Sports League Baseball - 954 Words

Ryan Mahn Professor Matheson Economics of Sports October 27, 2014 Moneyball Compared to most other professional sports leagues in the United States, there is a lot of financial disparity between small market and large market teams in Major League Baseball. Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game is a novel about how an unlikely general manager, Billy Beane, used unconventional statistical analysis to enable the Oakland Athletics to outplay much wealthier teams in the league. The problem faced by Beane and the Athletics was competing against large-market teams that were able to afford the services of the â€Å"best players† in the league. Through the use of sabermetrics, Beane and his staff found a solution to overcome their limited budget†¦show more content†¦Baseball is a true â€Å"team sport†. Sabermetrics, the statistical method applied by Bean and his acquaintance Paul DePodesta deviated from these overused and overvalued measures, and focused on team players, not volatile superstars (Moneyball). Sabermetrics revolved around the analysis of undervalued statistics—primarily on-base percentage, the number of times a player swings at the first pitch, and the average number of pitches per at-bat a player sees (Moneyball). With this tactic, Billy Beane and the Oakland Athletics were able to win many more games than they would have if they were constrained by overvalued players. Beane was able to use this ingenious method of statistical analysis to discern the unique talents of undervalued players that did not meet the statistical criteria of big market teams. With a very specifically assembled team, whereby some players were even forced to switch positions, the Oakland Athletics had seemed to overcome the odds. A prime example of the potential success of sabermetrics was seen in a player named Scott Hatteberg. Hatteberg spent most of his career lingering around the Boston Red Sox organization as a catcher—both in the minor leagues and in the major leagues (Moneyball). Hatteberg was seen as a very average catcher and hitter throughout the big leagues. He did his job well enough, however he did not stand out in popular statistical categories such as homeruns and RBIs. Unacknowledged by the Red Sox, however,